International and domestic air transportation services Essay Example for Free

Universal and household air transportation administrations Essay Presentation The Qantas bunch works global and local air transportation administrations for relaxation and business voyaging, cargo and coordinations administrations .It is additionally offers help exercises including data innovation, providing food ground dealing with, building and upkeep. Qantas with its double system brand Jetstar flies presently to in excess of 173 goals in 42 nations and works an armada of 246 airplane. The target of this aircraft is to work a 20-in number airbus 380 armada by 2015.The gathering is additionally a piece of the world worldwide promoting and code-sharing union, which comprises of 11 driving carriers. Qantas’ partners are its investors, workers, client, colleagues and the network. Roundabout partners incorporate the media, governments and non-government associations. They all impact the business, its system and in this manner its exhibition. It is to make reference to that Qantas bunch is in the special situation of having two extraordinary and entrenched brands in both the premium and low charges classifications with Qantas and Jetstar, which makes it a size opponent for Singapore Airlines. The base camp of Qantas is situated in New South Wales, Australia. It is separated into three fundamental branches which incorporate the Flying business, flying administrations Businesses and the Associated Services. All divisions of this gathering have concentrated on one objective and that’s nothing aside from guaranteeing top notch administration in most proficient manner. In any case, they long haul design is to work the world’s best premium aircraft, Qantas, and the w orld’s best low tolls bearer, Jetstar. Body Far reaching Porters 5 powers examination These days, Porter’s Five Forces model is the most significant power which influences the Airline business, particularly in light of the fact that the market is totally soaked. There are more specialist co-ops than required in both nearby just as worldwide markets (GreenBb, 2008). The aircrafts constantly contend with one another as far as client administrations, innovation, costs, in-flight diversion, and a lot more regions (GreenBb, 2008). As a matter of fact, Porter’s Model is a business technique device which is utilized to examine the intensity and engaging quality of the carrier business of which Qantas works. It is considered as a significant piece of arranging device set (Kawatra, 2013).Its examination comprises of 5 essential serious powers: The competition among existing players: Medium to High Qantas is confronted with rivalry inside the residential aircraft industry in Australia from Virgin Blue and Tiger Airways and global rivalry from all significant aircraft administrators including British Airways and Deutsche Lufthansa (each of the three aircraft administrators are national lead transporters). The savage contention has brought about significant expense of rivalry, lower benefits and slow market development. Dealing intensity of Suppliers: Medium The fundamental elements which decide the dealing intensity of providers incorporate exchanging costs, substitute providers, danger of in reverse and forward mix and provider focus. The carrier provider showcase for airplanes is extremely focused as there are two primary providers, Boeing and Airbus. Their haggling power is high in this industry (GreenBb, 2008). This limits Qantas, alongside its rivals, from practicing command over their providers to create higher benefit. Danger of Substitutes: Low The danger of elective answer for universal aircraft travel is by one way or another constrained. Notwithstanding, the danger for residential carrier travel incorporates train, transport or vehicle travel which is determinants of cash, inclination, time and accommodation of the voyager. The simplicity of changing to a substitute expands rivalry (xiamichael, 2012). Thus, when exchanging cost is moderately low, the opposition gets higher and cost turns out to be significantly increasingly significant. The carrier business is extremely serious and accordingly, net revenues are generally low. Likewise, the haggling of the provider is extremely high which subverts organizations in the carrier business to practice authority over their provider. With high passage cost, new rivalry into the worldwide carrier showcase is low. Qantas can keep on overwhelming this market while as yet rivaling residential market utilizing the Frequent Flyer program increment faithful client. Danger of new passage: Low On the planet today, the aircraft business is immersed to such an extent that there is not really space for a newcomer even to press its way in. The greatest for this is the expense of passage. The significant expense of purchasing and renting airplane; operational exercises including wellbeing and safety efforts, client care and labor; makes the aircraft business one of the most costly ventures (Q.G). Different hindrances to passage which will disallow new comers into the carrier business incorporate Government limitations and the brand name of existing aircrafts. Brand name acknowledgment and successive fliers point additionally assume a job in the carrier business. An aircraft with a solid brand name and motivators can regularly pull in a client regardless of whether its costs are higher. On the other hand, a newcomer could simply enter this immersed advertise simpler with a totally new idea or innovation (GreenBb, 2008). Bartering intensity of Buyer: Medium to Decline The bartering intensity of purchasers is another power that can influence the serious situation of an organization. The aircraft business is extremely serious as they are going after similar travelers and exchanging cost between carrier administrators is low. Accordingly, the purchaser power is high in this industry. There are different decisions introduced to clients; which typically implies brand devotion or cost is the principle factors while choosing an aircraft (Q.G). Purchasers for Qantas incorporate business explorers, recreation voyagers, and trip specialists. Indeed, they request an incentive for each dollar spent, along these lines they hope for something else and more from the carrier. Qantas has the long standing customer program which rewards faithful clients and expands exchanging costs for a traveler choosing an opponent carrier administrator. Add to this, the innovation advancements help the Qantas to decrease the purchaser power (xiamichael, 2012). End The aircraft business is extremely serious and thus, net revenues are normally low. Likewise, the bartering of the provider is exceptionally high which sabotages organizations in the aircraft business to practice command over their provider. With high section cost, new rivalry intothe global carrier showcase is low. Qantas can keep on overwhelming this market while as yet contending with household advertise utilizing the Frequent Flyer program increment faithful client. Factor| Characterization (Current)| Future Trend| | Threat Rating| Key Rational| Threat Rating| Key Rational| Rivalry Among Existing Competitors | Level of dealer concentration?| Y-H| There are more aircraft organizations when contrasted with the customers’ prerequisite, that’s why this market is saturated.| Y-H| Top class carriers are likewise now concentrating on the lower cost to increase greatest market share.E.g. Qantas has started fly star. | Rate of industry growth?| Y-H| Yes, it’s developing however the substitute factors additionally make it exceptionally difficult to keep up that development rate. And furthermore there is Lack of diversification| Y-H| In future It would be same for what it's worth as indicated by today’s forecasting.| Significant cost contrasts among firms?| Y-H| Major expenses and costs are same yet it rely upon the goal aircraft is operating.| Y-H| Same pattern will continue.| Excess capacity?| Y-H| There is gigantic rivalry in carrier industry that prompts over the top limit when contrasted with request. | Y-H| Customers’ development will be overwhelmed by the competitors’ rivalry. | Degree of item separation among venders? | Y-M| Qantas has both significant expense transporter just as minimal effort carrier.| Y-L| Innovation and innovation will prompt new chances to the aircraft industry.| Brand reliability to existing sellers?| Y-H| There is no brand steadfastness by the client in view of value rivalry in the industry.| Y-H| Same pattern Will Remain as it is.| Buyers’ expenses of changing from one contender to another?| Y-H| Just a single tick for c hanging the aircraft from their PC screen.Most of clients change the aircraft on the bases of cost factor| Y-H| No change in close future.| Strengths of exit barriers?| Y-H| in light of high capital expense for hardware (planes) and different offices there would be an enormous waste.| Y-M| Some factor like innovation may assist with lessening the cost| Can firms alter costs quickly?| Y-H| obviously with considering value procedures they would adjust.| Y-H| Same costing strategies.| Factor| Characterization (Current)| Future Trend| | Threat Rating| Key Rational| | Threat Rating| Dangers of New Entrants | Critical economies of scale? | Y-M| It would cost a great deal to purchase/rent an aircraft| Y-H| The expenses of purchasing or renting airplanes are diminishing. | Importance of notoriety or set up brand in buy decision?| Y-H| The opposition depends on price| Y-H| The opposition depends on price| Entrants’ access to conveyance channels?| Y-H| High openness to bunches of sites and application would make it a lot simpler and furthermore There are flight focuses and travel agencies| Y-H| With the quickly developing innovation it will open much more entryways through the availability to dissemination channels| Entrants’ access to innovation/know how?| Y-M| proficient courses which could make it conceivable to figure out how to utilize the technology| Y-L| The quantity of gifted work would decrease| Entrants’ access to good location?| Y-H| All the organizations work from airports.| Y-H| All organizations working from airports.| Government insurance of incumbents?| Y-M| There ought to be some administration guideline But it despite everything going to be attainable| Y-L| More guideline

A sociological investigation into cohabitation in Britain today Essay Example for Free

A sociological examination concerning dwelling together in Britain today Essay In my coursework I will direct a sociological examination concerning living together in Britain today. This is extended from my past coursework, which refreshed past examination into the marks of shame connected to living together. It premiums me to explore whether realities and assessments of dwelling together have changed after some time. To accomplish this point I will take a gander at the accompanying inquiries all through my exploration: 1. Why has living together expanded? 2. Does living together affect kids? 3. What focal points and inconveniences are there to living together? 4. Is there still a disgrace connected to dwelling together? 5. Do living together couples ever wish to wed or is it a perpetual status? I accept that dwelling together is progressively supplanting marriage. I plan to explore dwelling together utilizing a poll, which will be given to both living together and wedded couples to finish. 133 Words Context Cohabitation has multiplied since 1981 to around 25% and is enormously expanding. It is characterized as when two individuals live respectively seeing someone being hitched. This can be either a transient plan or a lasting status wherein the couple don't see the should be legitimately hitched. Sociologists have inquired about into numerous zones of dwelling together and the family. Be that as it may, all the more as of late the principle center has been around the expansion in living together. It is contended that marriage is getting less well known thus individuals are creating options in contrast to ordinary wedded life. Additionally, there are expanding quantities of conjugal breakdown, which are reflected in increases in the separation rates. The General Household Survey from Social Trends (2000) found that in Great Britain somewhere in the range of 1998 and 1999, 26% of guys and 25% of females, between the ages of 16 and 59, were in a living together relationship. This is significant as it show proof of the enormous quantities of living together couples in the public eye today. Chester (1980) has contended that living together is just a transitory circumstance that frequently prompts marriage. Chester said that much of the time it isn't workable for a couple to wed, because of one or the two accomplices being hitched. Additionally, numerous couples consider dwelling together to be a time for testing, which frequently decides if they decide to wed. Chester reasoned that around 2% of single ladies matured 18-49 are living and bearing youngsters in protected associations which might be changeless. Notwithstanding, Chandler contends against this hypothesis, considering the to be in living together as increasingly critical. Chandler says that couples seem, by all accounts, to be investing extending measures of energy living together and appear to pick dwelling together as a changeless substitution for marriage. Chandler (1993) bolsters this by noticing that 28% of kids were destined to unmarried moms, 70% of which were enlisted by the two guardians. These contentions show the clashing feelings, between sociologists, in regards to the status that living together appears to now have. Roughly 15% of one-parent families are made through the separation of living together associations, demonstrating that acts of living together with kids are significantly bound to separation than childless ones. Today, over 20% of youngsters are destined to living together couples, despite the fact that around just 33% of these kids will stay with the two guardians all through their adolescence. This implies youngsters destined to living together guardians are bound to encounter a progression of interruptions in their family life, which can have negative ramifications for their enthusiastic and instructive turn of events. Berthoud and Gershuny found, in seven years in the lives of British families, that 70% of youngsters destined to wedded guardians are probably going to live their whole adolescence with the two guardians while just 36% of kids destined to living together guardians stay with the two guardians. It has likewise been indicated that kids living in living together stepfamilies are at an essentially higher danger of kid misuse, demonstrating that these casual living together families are the most risky conditions for kids. This is fascinating as it shows a knowledge into the impacts that dwelling together can have on youngsters. There have been numerous speculations with respect to why living together has expanded, nearby the straightforward and progressively clear clarifications. Marriage is viewed as an increasingly hazardous decision in a relationship because of the separation rates and cost of marriage, alongside the decrease in strict impact and becoming financial and business instability stresses. Single parenthood has been a halfway clarification with regards to why dwelling together has expanded the same number of ladies decide to live together seeing someone, than having the recklessness of bringing up a kid outside of a steady relationship. Living together has extraordinarily happened from the incredible ascent in separate from rates, which may likewise have the impact if youngsters, from separated from guardians, being careful about marriage. Be that as it may, the decrease in labor and the cognizant choice to not have kids may have caused it less important for couples to wed. Past research directed into human science seems to demonstrate that the once unmistakable disgrace joined to dwelling together has extraordinarily declined in the public arena. Th decrease in the negative view to dwelling together, in the public eye, has been appeared in the Social Trends Survey (1996). The outcomes from individuals who feel living together isn't right: by sexual orientation, 1994 show that somewhere in the range of 1960 and 1978, 7% of guys and 6% of females felt that living together isn't right. This has incredibly diminished from 40% of guys and 37% of females in 1930. These measurements could likewise infer that these numbers are as yet diminishing in the public arena today. Ronald Fletchers (1988) hypothesis shows a tendency with regards to why this social shame has diminished. He recommends that living together is a type of marriage, which is like that of a family unit, instead of an alternate relationship structure by and large. He contended that living together couples are disguised family units that are not authorized through marriage. This hypothesis recommends explanations behind living together as well as shows that it could keep on expanding in the public eye. 810 Words Methodology emotions towards examining such data. Utilizing a poll will permit me to get brings about a brief timeframe, which will be simple for both me and my members as it will consider any individual factors, for example, the member being in a surge and so forth. Polls will be the best technique for information assortment for my investigation as I can then effectively evaluate and break down the outcomes according to my reason. I will lead my examination by In human science, structionalists and interactionists have each utilized various techniques for endeavoring to explore regions of humanism. Structuralists are positivists thus utilize logical, quantitative techniques if gathering information. Regular techniques utilized by structuralists are research center examinations, which disengage the factors to discover a connection among them and field tests, which, endeavor to control factors in a characteristic circumstance. Likewise utilized by structuralists are polls, basic meetings and the investigation of legitimate insights. Interactionists, be that as it may, are enemies of positivists and reject logical research techniques, utilizing subjective strategies for gathering information. Regular techniques utilized by interactionists are casual/unstructured meetings, where the subject coordinates the meeting, and member perception, where the members are seen during their every day exercises. For my examination I will utilize the quantitative research techniques for surveys. I considered utilizing formal meetings to gather my information as I would have had the option to get more inside and out and individual outcomes, however concluded this would be progressively hard to lead and an appropriate estimated test might be more diligently to discover for reasons, for example, time challenges and individual taking care of out polls to arbitrarily matured living together, wedded and non-living together couples. I will utilize 25 surveys to finish my investigation as I feel this is a moderately appropriate estimated test to increase dependable outcomes with. I have picked this example with the expectation that I will increase a wide assortment of couples and ages, without endeavoring to control who takes part. The sex of my members will likewise be haphazardly chosen, instead of pre-decided. I will likewise convey my surveys in an assortment of spots 6th structure school, working environment, open territories) to help my point of getting a changed example and guarantee that my outcomes are delegate. I will guarantee that I am moral in my methodology of this by picking up their assent before giving them the survey. The polls will likewise have subtleties of the idea of the examination composed over the inquiries and they will be verbally educated that it isn't expected of them to respond to any inquiries that they don't wish to. The surveys will likewise be secret thus won't require a name or contact subtleties from the member, which may build the legitimacy of my outcomes as they might be less inclined to lie or decline to uncover data. While building my poll I guaranteed that I thought about the entirety of my points, expressed in my basis. I included inquiries which required both composed answers and a decision of pre-chosen answers, contingent upon the idea of the inquiry. For two of my inquiries, the appropriate response decisions were given in ranges, as opposed to singular answers (e. g. are you, 26-35 and so forth). I did this with ages to male the inquiry less close to home as the member might be awkward unveiling their definite age. It has likewise been done when asking what number of living together couples they are aware of, as it is impossible that they would consider the specific sum precisely. I built the poll in a structure that is appropriate for both hitched and living together/non living together couples to finish, and put together the entirety of my inquiries with respect to an increasingly close to home type of my points, which will ideally bring about substantial outcomes. Prior to directing my last investigation, I finished a pilot investigation of four surveys to discover any region

EP 09 Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing

EP 09 Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing EP 09: Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing EP 09: Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing Welcome to Episode 9 of The Homework Help Show! Last week, we investigated the core of what makes a good essay and how to get there. We discussed how to properly read over your assignment instructions and marking rubric, creating a framework, thesis statement, forming your key arguments, the importance of editing, and more! The Homework Help Show is our brand new show where we will teach, assist, and offer valuable insights on different topics related to students academic and personal lives. Want your questions answered? Ask your questions on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] It is a super busy time of year so I know that people are probably a little bit backed up on work. I know that Im definitely feeling the heat and even people who arent in the world of academia are definitely feeling like its a busy time of year. Christmas time and the holiday season always seems to add that extra level of pressure and sometimes anxiety. But also theres a lot of good things that go along with the season as well because you know you have the opportunity to take a vacation during the holidays. Thats great too. Im actually just going to move my Instagram over a little bit so I can look at both cameras at the same time and Im going to jump into the content. Cath Anne: [00:00:54] This week we are going to talk about how to write an effective essay. We did talk about how to formulate an appropriate thesis statement. We talked about how to do really great research. This week I wanted to discuss some tips around how to write a really effective essay. I was hoping to be able to show you my screen so we can do a few exercises but I dont think that I have quite figured that out. We might have to not do that this week unfortunately. Cath Anne: [00:01:33] Welcome back to this weeks Livestream of the Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. This week were jumping back into some more academic content which is fun and Im going to be giving you some exclusive tips on how to make your essays the best essays that you could ever write. Cath Anne: [00:01:51] We want to get you an A+. OK. Cath Anne: [00:01:53] My cat is just jumping up on my lap here so Im just going to move him just give me one moment. My apologies for that. That sometimes happens I forget to put him away when Im in mid prepping for the for the stream. So hes away now. Otherwise he would just be bugging me the whole time. Hes sweet but I wouldnt be able to concentrate a few jumping up on me. Cath Anne: [00:02:32] Homework Help Global, we are a custom essay writing organization and we do help with editing and resume writing as well. Of course we want to give you the best value around how to write an essay and we want you to get good grades as well. So lets jump in and get into some of the good stuff that I have prepared. Cath Anne: [00:02:58] One of the first things you want to do when youre beginning to write an essay is make sure you understand the topic and the question thats being asked. This is where I wanted to get into some questions, which I did type up and we will go over them. But when youre doing an essay you want to take the essay prompt and kind of deconstruct it. So I like to go through an essay question and you can even print it off on a piece of paper. I know that we should be saving the trees so if you want to do this on your laptop that can be great too or you can write it out in a little notebook. I just find that it helps to have it in a physical copy so you can go through and actually underline things. Of course if you are doing an essay question during an exam certainly you will have that on a piece of paper as well so youll be able to do this. I have found it most effective during an exam to do that because it really deconstructing the essay question really helps to kind of fra me what youre going to write. Cath Anne: [00:04:24] Basically here is one essay question. So it begins: Critically analyze the key concepts of working cross culturally, specifically in regards to effective communication and the impact on your work practice. Cath Anne: [00:04:40] I wanted to use that as an example. So if we had this question, how would we break it down? The question begins: Critically analyze the key concepts of working cross culturally. That is the first line. So it begins with critically analyze. When youre talking about being critical you want to identify and discuss both the positive and negatives of an issue. So when Im looking at this question Im going underline [the word] critically. Analyze it means that youre also going to bring in some kind of analysis and argument to the question. Cath Anne: [00:05:21] Ill underline that or circle it [analyze] just so that I know that thats the crux of my paper. That is an essential component of the question because [it indicates] that the prof is obviously looking for some specific terms. So youre going to know that when they say these key concepts or key words that is a really important line to make note of. Cath Anne: [00:05:48] (To Instagram Viewer): Hi, Coach Kaur. I see that you joined us on Instagram. Thank you. Hope youre having a good week. Cath Anne: [00:06:02] To keep going with the question. The key concepts of working cross culturally, so youll probably underline cross culturally and maybe circle working because thats not quite as important. Youre going to want to underline key concepts and cross culturally because those are the key components of the question. Then specifically in regards to effective communication and the impact on your work practice so effective communication, that is one component of the question and you going to relate it to your own work practice. What that implies is that there will be a level of reflection embedded into your response in the paper. Cath Anne: [00:06:51] As mentioned, youre going through the process of trying to write an essay youll want to print that off or type it up in a Word document or write it out in a book and go through and physically underlying these components. This will give you a sense of what youre looking for when you are writing your essay. I just wanted to go over so there are different ways that a prof might indicate something to you in terms of what they want out of the essay. Cath Anne: [00:07:23] If they ask you to describe or summarize that basically just means to give the facts. The process or the event you want to describe the components of whatever they want you to describe. If theyre asking you to explain they want you to analyze something not simply describe or summarize it. Youre going to write you want to write it in a specific order. If theyre asking you to argue something youre going to systematically report or reject point. If they want you to discuss that theyre asking you to present a point of view. If theyre asking you to critique theyre asking you to identify and discuss both positive and negative aspects of an issue. Compare and contrast asks you do find similarities and differences between two issues or topics. Those are all the ways that a professor might frame an essay question. Cath Anne: [00:08:27] (To Instagram Viewer): Hi, The Neighbourly Consultant. Nice to see you. I see someone else joining us. Ira, I dont want to pronounce that name wrong, but its nice that you joined us as well. Cath Anne: [00:08:43] Were talking about how to write a great essay question and the first kind that I wanted to talk about is when you get the essay question how to kind of break it down and frame it out for yourself. Okay so moving on from there. From there once you have broken down the essay question youre going to want to go through your course notes and then even do a quick Google search. Cath Anne: [00:09:22] I know a prof would probably not be happy with me for saying this but sometimes when you want to get a good overall sense of the topic if you dont already know about it can be good to use Wikipedia just for your own reading because Wikipedia includes a lot of really good open source information. Please dont rely on that for an academic resource; thats just for your use in order to give an overview and a sense of what youre going to be writing about. Just do a little bit of brief research. Go over your content that youve acquired in class and then make sure that you have a really good grasp at the topic before you move on to the next question. Make sure youre using your sticky notes, you are using your highlighters, and youre really taking some time to figure out what that question means. Cath Anne: [00:10:24] The second component of writing a really good essay is taking the time to create a framework around your work. This will give you guidance on how to structure the essay. One of the most basic and helpful ways to structure an essay is to use the five-paragraph structure. It is really important to structure at your essay because this gives it a logical flow. Because the five-paragraph essay format is so common your professors or your reader will know what to expect. If anyone hasnt heard of the five-paragraph essay Im going to go through it a little bit more in-depth. Basically it is: an introduction, three body paragraphs, and then a conclusion. There are tons of templates that you can use if youre a type of person that likes to use a template. Cath Anne: [00:11:22] Take out a piece of paper and write down your topic and your research question or your thesis. Then writer your three body paragraphs and your conclusion. By doing this it gives you a bit of an outline to work with. The really best way to begin your essay is to write down your topic at the beginning of your page. Then you can work on figuring out what to include in your introduction. Use three body paragraphs and conclusion, which equals a standard five paragraph essay. Now, there are some people who might write have their topic and then write their body paragraphs but then write their introduction and conclusion to at the end because then it kind of summarizes everything. But when youre just starting out if youre an undergraduate student and you havent written many essays, the five-paragraph essay can give you a really strong basis. I would recommend writing your introduction first because it provides kind of a basis for you to go back to. In order to summarize everything and make sure that youre on the right track and that youre keeping focused. Cath Anne: [00:12:41] Then youre going to want to start planning each of your paragraphs. The introduction should open the discussion, introduce your argument, and indicate your response to the question. Remember that question that we talked about at the beginning youre going to make sure that in your introduction you are responding to that question. You will be formulating a thesis statement or research question around whatever the essay prompt indicates. Cath Anne: [00:13:15] You also want to make sure that your intro has a good hook. Even though academic writing can be a little bit dry maybe and somewhat professional, you dont want it to be boring. You want your reader to want to read your essay. You dont want them to just kind of toss it aside. What the hook means is that its going to hook your reader and so its going to make them engaged and interested. So you want to make sure that youre giving a good argument. Youre going to want to make your reader ask: Who cares about what you have to say. So like I said in Week 3 of The Learning Studio we talked about how to write a thesis statement. So if youre interested in accessing that session well put a link. Ill put a link in the comments below and you guys can take a look at how to write an effective thesis statement and some tips that I offered around that. Cath Anne: [00:14:24] Your argument is the most important part of your paper because it holds everything together. You can think about it kind of like the backbone of your essay. When youre making your argument youre going to want to make sure that its very strong so that you can fall back on that argument. Youll refer back to it several times throughout the paper. Youll be making reference to it in your body paragraphs as well. So you really want to make sure that it comes across strongly. Cath Anne: [00:15:09] In your introduction youre going to want to introduce your topic, introduce your thesis statement, and then you will want to discuss three points that youll be mentioning in each one of your body paragraphs. Keep in mind that you want your reader to know what to expect when they are reading your paper. In the introduction it can be really helpful to introduce the various points that youre going to be discussing and then tie them back into your argument. It also gives you something to fall back on when youre reading your essay. Each point that you make in your introduction will in turn correlate with each body paragraph throughout the essay. Once you move onto your body paragraphs youre going to want to make sure that each of your body paragraphs refers back to the introduction and each of the points that you made in your introduction. So make sure that you connect those dots although that seems kind of obvious. It can be challenging sometimes when youre in the m idst of writing an essay especially if youre doing it very quickly and within a time crunch to kind of forget and lose your way because you want to finish it. Cath Anne: [00:16:41] Thats why it can be really good to start with a strong introduction and introduce those body paragraphs and make sure that each body paragraph is referring back to the introduction. In each body paragraph youre going to use references and data that youve retrieved to kind of flush out those pieces of information. Youre going to use supporting evidence to connect it back to your argument that youre making, the one you introduced and your initial paragraph. Cath Anne: [00:17:16] Then in your conclusion that is where youre going to bring everything together and summarize everything. I wanted to make the point that in your conclusion youre not introducing any new information you are basically just summarizing everything that you already just talked about. Its really important that you dont bring up anything new you dont draw on any new theories or anything like that. Youre basically summarizing your argument and then summarizing all the body paragraphs and linking them back to the argument, that is your conclusion. So, thats basically the structure of a five-paragraph essay. Cath Anne: [00:18:01] The next portion that I wanted to discuss is to write in stages. Once youve completed the plan for your paper you can begin with the first draft. So the plan is basically your outline. Youve broken everything down into your introduction. You know what your argument is. You understand each body paragraph and what points you are going to make in your body paragraph and then your conclusion. Once you have completed that outline, then you can begin writing your essay. At that point youre just going to want to let your ideas flow. It can be really easy when youre writing to get stuck and get a little bit of writers block. But at this point rely on your outline and just let the ideas flow. Get them down on paper especially if you have a high word count. Cath Anne: [00:19:02] Youre not going to want to hold yourself back because in this if youre giving yourself enough time youre going to have lots of time to edit. Let the ideas flow, access all the research you can. Incorporate all your resources and just kind of go from there. Lean on your outline. Thats why its important to use an outline. Cath Anne: [00:19:32] It is also important to be mindful of when youre writing not to rely on the words I or me especially in academic writing. Now there are times where the prof will suggest that you are able to use the I or me. However, that would be in a reflective paper. I used to write a lot of those kind of reflective papers in social work school. We were allowed by the prof to use I or me. In general academia you dont use I or me in your writing. Its best to write in third person and not first person. So just make sure that youre writing in stages giving yourself time to edit and relying on your outline. Cath Anne: [00:20:32] Moving on to editing. Many of us do not give ourselves enough time to edit. A lot of students do not edit their work. You know I have to be honest I sometimes was a procrastinator. I was pretty good. Like I usually had time to overview my essay a couple of times before I passed it in. Even if you are an incredibly amazing writer youre still going to need to edit because youre going to make mistakes. Its just the nature of human beings. We all make mistakes so we all have to edit. Make sure that youre giving yourself a lot of time to edit and proofread. And again I know that it is best to save paper if we can, but in this case it can be really helpful to actually print off your essay and do the same thing that you did with the initial essay question just go through and highlight things, underline things, cross things out, and then you can go back onto your computer and type up and insert all of the edits that you made. Cath Anne: [00:21:48] I know that a lot of people rely on the computer these days running spell checks. I am guilty of that for sure. Those programs can be really helpful. There is one called Grammarly and it helps in correcting grammar. Its really helpful but really getting in the practice of actually physically editing your work on your own is effective. So I would recommend getting into that habit. When you edit youre looking for spelling issues, grammar issues, and making sure that the essay flows overall and its succinctly focused on your topic. If youre going off the rails a little bit you want to make sure that you kind of rephrase things in order to bring it back to the topic. You want to at least spend 15 minutes proofreading your essay. If youre not a procrastinator, its going to be really easy and beneficial for you to go back and edit your essay. So make sure that youre doing that. You can definitely, even if you take the time to do it for 15 minutes or even half an hour. You can you can potentially raise your grade by 5 percent which could be almost the letter grade or half a letter grade. So its important to take some time to edit. Cath Anne: [00:23:22] Another component of essay writing which is essential is to make sure that youre conscious of all of the components that go into essay writing. The prof will usually, when theyre giving you an outline for an essay, they will put all of their requirements in the description of the assignment. Make sure that youre paying attention to those. Dont only pay attention to the essay question and then just start writing. Sometimes professors can dock marks if you fail to adhere to their requirements. What Im talking about is making sure that youre using the correct reference style whether its MLA or APA or Chicago format. Make sure that youre using the one that is appropriate for the discipline that youre writing for and usually your prof will make note of that on the assignment template. The second piece is to make sure that along with that include in text citations and that they are all in the correct format as well. Cath Anne: [00:24:41] Then make certain that youre using the correct format for your title page. For APA format youll want to have a running header at the beginning up at the top and on each page and youre going to have page numbers on each one. Youll have a title page with the title and your name and the institution and the profs name. In MLA format its a bit different. You put all the information up in the top left corner. You put a page number up to the right, with your last name beside it. Make sure that you access Owl Purdue, which has the breakdown of the various referencing formats. Make sure that youre accessing those sites. Where youre able to see the appropriate format for that discipline and for what your prof is asking you to do. Cath Anne: [00:25:48] Another thing that you want to check for is that you have the right word count. Make sure that when youre when youve finished your essay that youre meeting the required word count or required page count depending on what your professor is asking you to do. Also be conscious that youre not counting words that are in your title page or your references in your word count or your page count because usually those dont count. There may be the very rare time where a professor might say that counts as your word count but Ive never really seen it. Make sure that youre only counting the body of your work in the word count. Cath Anne: [00:26:34] Another tip is if you can and this is something that I used to really have a problem with when I was in my undergrad because I wrote a lot of English papers and I wasnt really good at paraphrasing things so I really had trouble kind of taking the information that I read and then paraphrasing it to put it into an essay. I would often rely on block quotations. Id have a paragraph introduction, and then Id have four or five lines of an indented block quotation and then another paragraph and then in another block quotation. What happens is that the prof doesnt recognize if you are really grasping the concepts because youre relying only on quotations to make your argument. So make sure that you develop the skill of being able to paraphrase and summarize. Cath Anne: [00:27:30] Lets discuss a bit of the difference around that. Paraphrasing refers the process of taking some language and reworking it in your own words but still capturing the same theme. You really want to make sure that you are not plagiarizing when you do this because it can be really tempting especially if somethings written very eloquently and you dont feel that you can do it justice. You may be tempted to copy it and think that no one will notice. That is not the case because we have programs now, which can track where theres whether things have been plagiarized, or not. So it is likely that when your prof runs something through the plagiarism checker and it comes up as plagiarized then you could be docked for that. So make sure when youre paraphrasing really break down the concepts in the same way that you did in the initial question really breaks down the concepts in that paragraph. Cath Anne: [00:28:34] If you think its a really strong paragraph that you want to include in your essay then certainly use it but you have to put it in your own words so make sure youre going through underlining highlighting circling and then reworking it in your own words. Theres no shame in using a thesaurus or a dictionary to flesh out and figure out new words to use that capture the same essence. Cath Anne: [00:29:01] Then I wanted to differentiate between paraphrasing and summarizing. Paraphrasing is where youre taking something and putting it into your own words, whereas summarizing is you are regurgitating the same information just in different words. So theyre very similar. Summarizing is kind of getting more to the crux of the theme of something, while paraphrasing is youre almost saying word for word what it is just in different language. Yes. Cath Anne: [00:29:50] So make sure that when you do quote some thing, and there are times when you can use quotations. Sometimes profs will you will want you to do that particularly in literature courses or English courses theyll want you to cite directly from the work. So there will be times when you will have to rely on direct quotations. It wont be plagiarism as long as you cite it properly so make sure youre going back to your citation guides. Make sure youre putting your in text citations into your essay and what that means is just putting a citation right beside where your quotation is and making sure that youre indicating that that is not your words. That is the words of whoever wrote the essay. Then include that citation within your works cited or your references at the end of your essay. Cath Anne: [00:30:54] Universities take plagiarism very seriously. You could end up either failing a class or even getting expelled from the program if you are caught plagiarizing. That is something that we take seriously at homework help as well, just making sure that we are offering the highest quality of writing and not plagiarizing at all. All of our stuff is run through plagiarism checkers as well. It is really important that we are all using our own words to communicate in an academic form. Cath Anne: [00:31:37] So that is actually all the information I have for you guys this week. Cath Anne: [00:36:50] This weeks session was a little bit short and sweet. I know everyones super busy. You guys are doing great. Im so happy that this semester is winding down and I know that you can get through this next little while with the same vigor that you gave the rest of the year long. Then you get a nice break for the holiday. So this is Cath Anne signing off with Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. Cath Anne: [00:37:21] If you guys want to access us we are on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Google Plus, YouTube, Medium. Now we are also on SoundCloud Anchor, iTunes Apple Podcast and Google Play Music. So just search Homework Help Global and you will be able to find us. [00:37:45] Otherwise jump back on with me next week at 7:00 PM Eastern Standard Time on Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. We will probably be talking more academic content next week. If you have any questions leave them on Instagram and our DMs. You can leave them on Facebook in the comments. You can leave them in on our YouTube channel or even tweet us on Twitter. You can use #askHHG and we will get them. Well respond to them and include them in our next session. So thank you guys so much for joining me. I hope that was helpful and good luck with all your essay writing. Have a good week! EP 09 Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing EP 09: Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing EP 09: Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing Welcome to Episode 9 of The Homework Help Show! Last week, we investigated the core of what makes a good essay and how to get there. We discussed how to properly read over your assignment instructions and marking rubric, creating a framework, thesis statement, forming your key arguments, the importance of editing, and more! The Homework Help Show is our brand new show where we will teach, assist, and offer valuable insights on different topics related to students academic and personal lives. Want your questions answered? Ask your questions on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] It is a super busy time of year so I know that people are probably a little bit backed up on work. I know that Im definitely feeling the heat and even people who arent in the world of academia are definitely feeling like its a busy time of year. Christmas time and the holiday season always seems to add that extra level of pressure and sometimes anxiety. But also theres a lot of good things that go along with the season as well because you know you have the opportunity to take a vacation during the holidays. Thats great too. Im actually just going to move my Instagram over a little bit so I can look at both cameras at the same time and Im going to jump into the content. Cath Anne: [00:00:54] This week we are going to talk about how to write an effective essay. We did talk about how to formulate an appropriate thesis statement. We talked about how to do really great research. This week I wanted to discuss some tips around how to write a really effective essay. I was hoping to be able to show you my screen so we can do a few exercises but I dont think that I have quite figured that out. We might have to not do that this week unfortunately. Cath Anne: [00:01:33] Welcome back to this weeks Livestream of the Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. This week were jumping back into some more academic content which is fun and Im going to be giving you some exclusive tips on how to make your essays the best essays that you could ever write. Cath Anne: [00:01:51] We want to get you an A+. OK. Cath Anne: [00:01:53] My cat is just jumping up on my lap here so Im just going to move him just give me one moment. My apologies for that. That sometimes happens I forget to put him away when Im in mid prepping for the for the stream. So hes away now. Otherwise he would just be bugging me the whole time. Hes sweet but I wouldnt be able to concentrate a few jumping up on me. Cath Anne: [00:02:32] Homework Help Global, we are a custom essay writing organization and we do help with editing and resume writing as well. Of course we want to give you the best value around how to write an essay and we want you to get good grades as well. So lets jump in and get into some of the good stuff that I have prepared. Cath Anne: [00:02:58] One of the first things you want to do when youre beginning to write an essay is make sure you understand the topic and the question thats being asked. This is where I wanted to get into some questions, which I did type up and we will go over them. But when youre doing an essay you want to take the essay prompt and kind of deconstruct it. So I like to go through an essay question and you can even print it off on a piece of paper. I know that we should be saving the trees so if you want to do this on your laptop that can be great too or you can write it out in a little notebook. I just find that it helps to have it in a physical copy so you can go through and actually underline things. Of course if you are doing an essay question during an exam certainly you will have that on a piece of paper as well so youll be able to do this. I have found it most effective during an exam to do that because it really deconstructing the essay question really helps to kind of fra me what youre going to write. Cath Anne: [00:04:24] Basically here is one essay question. So it begins: Critically analyze the key concepts of working cross culturally, specifically in regards to effective communication and the impact on your work practice. Cath Anne: [00:04:40] I wanted to use that as an example. So if we had this question, how would we break it down? The question begins: Critically analyze the key concepts of working cross culturally. That is the first line. So it begins with critically analyze. When youre talking about being critical you want to identify and discuss both the positive and negatives of an issue. So when Im looking at this question Im going underline [the word] critically. Analyze it means that youre also going to bring in some kind of analysis and argument to the question. Cath Anne: [00:05:21] Ill underline that or circle it [analyze] just so that I know that thats the crux of my paper. That is an essential component of the question because [it indicates] that the prof is obviously looking for some specific terms. So youre going to know that when they say these key concepts or key words that is a really important line to make note of. Cath Anne: [00:05:48] (To Instagram Viewer): Hi, Coach Kaur. I see that you joined us on Instagram. Thank you. Hope youre having a good week. Cath Anne: [00:06:02] To keep going with the question. The key concepts of working cross culturally, so youll probably underline cross culturally and maybe circle working because thats not quite as important. Youre going to want to underline key concepts and cross culturally because those are the key components of the question. Then specifically in regards to effective communication and the impact on your work practice so effective communication, that is one component of the question and you going to relate it to your own work practice. What that implies is that there will be a level of reflection embedded into your response in the paper. Cath Anne: [00:06:51] As mentioned, youre going through the process of trying to write an essay youll want to print that off or type it up in a Word document or write it out in a book and go through and physically underlying these components. This will give you a sense of what youre looking for when you are writing your essay. I just wanted to go over so there are different ways that a prof might indicate something to you in terms of what they want out of the essay. Cath Anne: [00:07:23] If they ask you to describe or summarize that basically just means to give the facts. The process or the event you want to describe the components of whatever they want you to describe. If theyre asking you to explain they want you to analyze something not simply describe or summarize it. Youre going to write you want to write it in a specific order. If theyre asking you to argue something youre going to systematically report or reject point. If they want you to discuss that theyre asking you to present a point of view. If theyre asking you to critique theyre asking you to identify and discuss both positive and negative aspects of an issue. Compare and contrast asks you do find similarities and differences between two issues or topics. Those are all the ways that a professor might frame an essay question. Cath Anne: [00:08:27] (To Instagram Viewer): Hi, The Neighbourly Consultant. Nice to see you. I see someone else joining us. Ira, I dont want to pronounce that name wrong, but its nice that you joined us as well. Cath Anne: [00:08:43] Were talking about how to write a great essay question and the first kind that I wanted to talk about is when you get the essay question how to kind of break it down and frame it out for yourself. Okay so moving on from there. From there once you have broken down the essay question youre going to want to go through your course notes and then even do a quick Google search. Cath Anne: [00:09:22] I know a prof would probably not be happy with me for saying this but sometimes when you want to get a good overall sense of the topic if you dont already know about it can be good to use Wikipedia just for your own reading because Wikipedia includes a lot of really good open source information. Please dont rely on that for an academic resource; thats just for your use in order to give an overview and a sense of what youre going to be writing about. Just do a little bit of brief research. Go over your content that youve acquired in class and then make sure that you have a really good grasp at the topic before you move on to the next question. Make sure youre using your sticky notes, you are using your highlighters, and youre really taking some time to figure out what that question means. Cath Anne: [00:10:24] The second component of writing a really good essay is taking the time to create a framework around your work. This will give you guidance on how to structure the essay. One of the most basic and helpful ways to structure an essay is to use the five-paragraph structure. It is really important to structure at your essay because this gives it a logical flow. Because the five-paragraph essay format is so common your professors or your reader will know what to expect. If anyone hasnt heard of the five-paragraph essay Im going to go through it a little bit more in-depth. Basically it is: an introduction, three body paragraphs, and then a conclusion. There are tons of templates that you can use if youre a type of person that likes to use a template. Cath Anne: [00:11:22] Take out a piece of paper and write down your topic and your research question or your thesis. Then writer your three body paragraphs and your conclusion. By doing this it gives you a bit of an outline to work with. The really best way to begin your essay is to write down your topic at the beginning of your page. Then you can work on figuring out what to include in your introduction. Use three body paragraphs and conclusion, which equals a standard five paragraph essay. Now, there are some people who might write have their topic and then write their body paragraphs but then write their introduction and conclusion to at the end because then it kind of summarizes everything. But when youre just starting out if youre an undergraduate student and you havent written many essays, the five-paragraph essay can give you a really strong basis. I would recommend writing your introduction first because it provides kind of a basis for you to go back to. In order to summarize everything and make sure that youre on the right track and that youre keeping focused. Cath Anne: [00:12:41] Then youre going to want to start planning each of your paragraphs. The introduction should open the discussion, introduce your argument, and indicate your response to the question. Remember that question that we talked about at the beginning youre going to make sure that in your introduction you are responding to that question. You will be formulating a thesis statement or research question around whatever the essay prompt indicates. Cath Anne: [00:13:15] You also want to make sure that your intro has a good hook. Even though academic writing can be a little bit dry maybe and somewhat professional, you dont want it to be boring. You want your reader to want to read your essay. You dont want them to just kind of toss it aside. What the hook means is that its going to hook your reader and so its going to make them engaged and interested. So you want to make sure that youre giving a good argument. Youre going to want to make your reader ask: Who cares about what you have to say. So like I said in Week 3 of The Learning Studio we talked about how to write a thesis statement. So if youre interested in accessing that session well put a link. Ill put a link in the comments below and you guys can take a look at how to write an effective thesis statement and some tips that I offered around that. Cath Anne: [00:14:24] Your argument is the most important part of your paper because it holds everything together. You can think about it kind of like the backbone of your essay. When youre making your argument youre going to want to make sure that its very strong so that you can fall back on that argument. Youll refer back to it several times throughout the paper. Youll be making reference to it in your body paragraphs as well. So you really want to make sure that it comes across strongly. Cath Anne: [00:15:09] In your introduction youre going to want to introduce your topic, introduce your thesis statement, and then you will want to discuss three points that youll be mentioning in each one of your body paragraphs. Keep in mind that you want your reader to know what to expect when they are reading your paper. In the introduction it can be really helpful to introduce the various points that youre going to be discussing and then tie them back into your argument. It also gives you something to fall back on when youre reading your essay. Each point that you make in your introduction will in turn correlate with each body paragraph throughout the essay. Once you move onto your body paragraphs youre going to want to make sure that each of your body paragraphs refers back to the introduction and each of the points that you made in your introduction. So make sure that you connect those dots although that seems kind of obvious. It can be challenging sometimes when youre in the m idst of writing an essay especially if youre doing it very quickly and within a time crunch to kind of forget and lose your way because you want to finish it. Cath Anne: [00:16:41] Thats why it can be really good to start with a strong introduction and introduce those body paragraphs and make sure that each body paragraph is referring back to the introduction. In each body paragraph youre going to use references and data that youve retrieved to kind of flush out those pieces of information. Youre going to use supporting evidence to connect it back to your argument that youre making, the one you introduced and your initial paragraph. Cath Anne: [00:17:16] Then in your conclusion that is where youre going to bring everything together and summarize everything. I wanted to make the point that in your conclusion youre not introducing any new information you are basically just summarizing everything that you already just talked about. Its really important that you dont bring up anything new you dont draw on any new theories or anything like that. Youre basically summarizing your argument and then summarizing all the body paragraphs and linking them back to the argument, that is your conclusion. So, thats basically the structure of a five-paragraph essay. Cath Anne: [00:18:01] The next portion that I wanted to discuss is to write in stages. Once youve completed the plan for your paper you can begin with the first draft. So the plan is basically your outline. Youve broken everything down into your introduction. You know what your argument is. You understand each body paragraph and what points you are going to make in your body paragraph and then your conclusion. Once you have completed that outline, then you can begin writing your essay. At that point youre just going to want to let your ideas flow. It can be really easy when youre writing to get stuck and get a little bit of writers block. But at this point rely on your outline and just let the ideas flow. Get them down on paper especially if you have a high word count. Cath Anne: [00:19:02] Youre not going to want to hold yourself back because in this if youre giving yourself enough time youre going to have lots of time to edit. Let the ideas flow, access all the research you can. Incorporate all your resources and just kind of go from there. Lean on your outline. Thats why its important to use an outline. Cath Anne: [00:19:32] It is also important to be mindful of when youre writing not to rely on the words I or me especially in academic writing. Now there are times where the prof will suggest that you are able to use the I or me. However, that would be in a reflective paper. I used to write a lot of those kind of reflective papers in social work school. We were allowed by the prof to use I or me. In general academia you dont use I or me in your writing. Its best to write in third person and not first person. So just make sure that youre writing in stages giving yourself time to edit and relying on your outline. Cath Anne: [00:20:32] Moving on to editing. Many of us do not give ourselves enough time to edit. A lot of students do not edit their work. You know I have to be honest I sometimes was a procrastinator. I was pretty good. Like I usually had time to overview my essay a couple of times before I passed it in. Even if you are an incredibly amazing writer youre still going to need to edit because youre going to make mistakes. Its just the nature of human beings. We all make mistakes so we all have to edit. Make sure that youre giving yourself a lot of time to edit and proofread. And again I know that it is best to save paper if we can, but in this case it can be really helpful to actually print off your essay and do the same thing that you did with the initial essay question just go through and highlight things, underline things, cross things out, and then you can go back onto your computer and type up and insert all of the edits that you made. Cath Anne: [00:21:48] I know that a lot of people rely on the computer these days running spell checks. I am guilty of that for sure. Those programs can be really helpful. There is one called Grammarly and it helps in correcting grammar. Its really helpful but really getting in the practice of actually physically editing your work on your own is effective. So I would recommend getting into that habit. When you edit youre looking for spelling issues, grammar issues, and making sure that the essay flows overall and its succinctly focused on your topic. If youre going off the rails a little bit you want to make sure that you kind of rephrase things in order to bring it back to the topic. You want to at least spend 15 minutes proofreading your essay. If youre not a procrastinator, its going to be really easy and beneficial for you to go back and edit your essay. So make sure that youre doing that. You can definitely, even if you take the time to do it for 15 minutes or even half an hour. You can you can potentially raise your grade by 5 percent which could be almost the letter grade or half a letter grade. So its important to take some time to edit. Cath Anne: [00:23:22] Another component of essay writing which is essential is to make sure that youre conscious of all of the components that go into essay writing. The prof will usually, when theyre giving you an outline for an essay, they will put all of their requirements in the description of the assignment. Make sure that youre paying attention to those. Dont only pay attention to the essay question and then just start writing. Sometimes professors can dock marks if you fail to adhere to their requirements. What Im talking about is making sure that youre using the correct reference style whether its MLA or APA or Chicago format. Make sure that youre using the one that is appropriate for the discipline that youre writing for and usually your prof will make note of that on the assignment template. The second piece is to make sure that along with that include in text citations and that they are all in the correct format as well. Cath Anne: [00:24:41] Then make certain that youre using the correct format for your title page. For APA format youll want to have a running header at the beginning up at the top and on each page and youre going to have page numbers on each one. Youll have a title page with the title and your name and the institution and the profs name. In MLA format its a bit different. You put all the information up in the top left corner. You put a page number up to the right, with your last name beside it. Make sure that you access Owl Purdue, which has the breakdown of the various referencing formats. Make sure that youre accessing those sites. Where youre able to see the appropriate format for that discipline and for what your prof is asking you to do. Cath Anne: [00:25:48] Another thing that you want to check for is that you have the right word count. Make sure that when youre when youve finished your essay that youre meeting the required word count or required page count depending on what your professor is asking you to do. Also be conscious that youre not counting words that are in your title page or your references in your word count or your page count because usually those dont count. There may be the very rare time where a professor might say that counts as your word count but Ive never really seen it. Make sure that youre only counting the body of your work in the word count. Cath Anne: [00:26:34] Another tip is if you can and this is something that I used to really have a problem with when I was in my undergrad because I wrote a lot of English papers and I wasnt really good at paraphrasing things so I really had trouble kind of taking the information that I read and then paraphrasing it to put it into an essay. I would often rely on block quotations. Id have a paragraph introduction, and then Id have four or five lines of an indented block quotation and then another paragraph and then in another block quotation. What happens is that the prof doesnt recognize if you are really grasping the concepts because youre relying only on quotations to make your argument. So make sure that you develop the skill of being able to paraphrase and summarize. Cath Anne: [00:27:30] Lets discuss a bit of the difference around that. Paraphrasing refers the process of taking some language and reworking it in your own words but still capturing the same theme. You really want to make sure that you are not plagiarizing when you do this because it can be really tempting especially if somethings written very eloquently and you dont feel that you can do it justice. You may be tempted to copy it and think that no one will notice. That is not the case because we have programs now, which can track where theres whether things have been plagiarized, or not. So it is likely that when your prof runs something through the plagiarism checker and it comes up as plagiarized then you could be docked for that. So make sure when youre paraphrasing really break down the concepts in the same way that you did in the initial question really breaks down the concepts in that paragraph. Cath Anne: [00:28:34] If you think its a really strong paragraph that you want to include in your essay then certainly use it but you have to put it in your own words so make sure youre going through underlining highlighting circling and then reworking it in your own words. Theres no shame in using a thesaurus or a dictionary to flesh out and figure out new words to use that capture the same essence. Cath Anne: [00:29:01] Then I wanted to differentiate between paraphrasing and summarizing. Paraphrasing is where youre taking something and putting it into your own words, whereas summarizing is you are regurgitating the same information just in different words. So theyre very similar. Summarizing is kind of getting more to the crux of the theme of something, while paraphrasing is youre almost saying word for word what it is just in different language. Yes. Cath Anne: [00:29:50] So make sure that when you do quote some thing, and there are times when you can use quotations. Sometimes profs will you will want you to do that particularly in literature courses or English courses theyll want you to cite directly from the work. So there will be times when you will have to rely on direct quotations. It wont be plagiarism as long as you cite it properly so make sure youre going back to your citation guides. Make sure youre putting your in text citations into your essay and what that means is just putting a citation right beside where your quotation is and making sure that youre indicating that that is not your words. That is the words of whoever wrote the essay. Then include that citation within your works cited or your references at the end of your essay. Cath Anne: [00:30:54] Universities take plagiarism very seriously. You could end up either failing a class or even getting expelled from the program if you are caught plagiarizing. That is something that we take seriously at homework help as well, just making sure that we are offering the highest quality of writing and not plagiarizing at all. All of our stuff is run through plagiarism checkers as well. It is really important that we are all using our own words to communicate in an academic form. Cath Anne: [00:31:37] So that is actually all the information I have for you guys this week. Cath Anne: [00:36:50] This weeks session was a little bit short and sweet. I know everyones super busy. You guys are doing great. Im so happy that this semester is winding down and I know that you can get through this next little while with the same vigor that you gave the rest of the year long. Then you get a nice break for the holiday. So this is Cath Anne signing off with Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. Cath Anne: [00:37:21] If you guys want to access us we are on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Google Plus, YouTube, Medium. Now we are also on SoundCloud Anchor, iTunes Apple Podcast and Google Play Music. So just search Homework Help Global and you will be able to find us. [00:37:45] Otherwise jump back on with me next week at 7:00 PM Eastern Standard Time on Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. We will probably be talking more academic content next week. If you have any questions leave them on Instagram and our DMs. You can leave them on Facebook in the comments. You can leave them in on our YouTube channel or even tweet us on Twitter. You can use #askHHG and we will get them. Well respond to them and include them in our next session. So thank you guys so much for joining me. I hope that was helpful and good luck with all your essay writing. Have a good week!

Case Study A Tale Of Two Classes - 1110 Words

Case Study One: A Tale of Two Classes Ebony, a university student, finds herself in two classes, each with their own unique atmosphere. Interpersonal Communication comes first and is taught by Professor Gardner, who has been teaching for 20 years. Organizational Communication is her second class, taught by Professor Morgan, who is younger than Professor Gardner. Each professor has a different style of teaching and opinion on how students learn most efficiently. Professor Gardner sets out his expectations, rules of conduct, and strict no-technology policy on the first day of class; he values structure and consistency for his students. Professor Morgan does not present rules for her class; she does not mind if students come in late or leave early, and appreciates the use of technology for the purpose of adapting the learning environment for each student. Professor Morgan values freedom and self-responsibility for her students. Ebony loves Interpersonal Communication, and notices that t he students, when provided with structure, tend to thrive, communicate freely, and connect with other students right away. There is a lot of laughter involved, and most everyone knows each other’s names. In Organizational Communication, however, Ebony feels lost and out of touch with the path of the class. She finds that the spontaneity of Professor Morgan is more confusing than helpful; Ebony senses the disconnect between students, as most of them do not know each other’s names. ProfessorShow MoreRelatedThe Massacre Of Cats1010 Words   |  5 Pages By utilizing classic folk tales and various case studies: police files, intellectuals, bourgeois, and most interestingly, the massacre of cats, Darnton attempts to tell a cultural history of pre-Revolution France. He argues that by using an anthropological viewpoint: through the usage of such â€Å"unfamiliar(5)† techniques, that he can show how â€Å"intellectuals and common people coped with the same sort of problems(7)† as well as give insight into a topic that many people had not yet explored with success:Read MoreThe Struggles And Inequalities Of Mexican Americans1264 Words   |  6 Pageswere in buildings that were not in good condition. They were given worn out books, outdated equipment, and were taught in very crowded classrooms (A Tale of Two Schools). They also received an â€Å"imbalanced and subtractive curriculum† (Kloosterman 8). In these schools, boys were taught industrial skills and girls were taught domestic skills (â€Å"A Tale of Two Schools †). Also, their curriculum did not include Mexican language, history, and culture (Kloosterman 8). There was also a â€Å"no Spanish rule† whichRead MoreThe Middle Ages1747 Words   |  7 Pages For example, the Canterbury tales by Geoffrey Chaucer is the most important work of this period in England (â€Å"Poetry: Christian Poetry†). The overall narrative format of the Canterbury Tales is very simple (â€Å"The Canterbury Tales†). It is set in the popular medieval framework of a pilgrimage (â€Å"Poetry: Christian Poetry†). With the tales being told by a group of pilgrims traveling from London to Canterbury and entertaining each other with stories. In addition, the tales represent fourteenth-centuryRead MoreTypes Of Dwellings Used By Ancient Romans773 Words   |  4 Pageshad never seen an empire as extensive and encompassing as the Roman Empire (Mark, 2011). Even after her fall tales of her exploits continue to be told and retold. However, the R oman Empire was not merely comprised of emperors, generals and poets. Like all civilizations that came before it and that have come since, the domain of Rome comprised of many different people from varying social classes who lived in homes just like people today. For this unit’s discussion, I will discuss the layout and functionRead MoreShould a Computer Grade Your Essays?1499 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study 11: Should a Computer Grade Your Essays? The case study discusses the April 2013 launch of Harvard/MIT’s joint venture MOOC (massively open online course) essay scoring program, utilizing AI (artificial intelligence) technology to grade educational essays and short answers, with immediate feedback and ability to revise, resubmit, and improve grades. In 2012, a group of colleagues, Les Perleman, Mark Shermis, and Ben Hamner, introduced over 16,000, K7-12 standardized school tests toRead MoreThe, The Hungry Cowboy, By Karla A. Erickson Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pagesan issue being ignored by many, but also being addressed in small ways which provokes an interesting concept in viewing interactions among the people who work for the students versus college students who may or may not take it for granted. In this case, Oliver Hall is Saint Mary’s College main place for students to eat and where the research question is implemented with participant observation and a survey sent out. Race/ethnicity of Saint Mary’s students is the independent variable, which will varyRead MoreThe Mono Tale Of The Hero s Journey1549 Words   |  7 Pagesis a common trait among individuals in our society, it is one that I view unique to every individual who had the opportunity to obtain it. I will retell my literacy journey in a way that encompasses one of my favorite theories in writing, the mono-tale of the Hero’s Journey by Joseph Campbell. This theory states that the Hero’s journey is a pattern in a narrative that forms the basic template of all great stories (Gunn 1). Call to adventure My childhood has revolved in the same area. Born on theRead MorePlagiarism: The Blurred Line of Literature Essay examples1094 Words   |  5 Pagestheir valor in academia they both plagiarized, the only difference being that Viswanathan was getting royalties for her act of plagiarism. One has to question whether there really is a difference between these two cases, because both individuals clearly intentionally plagiarized. When handling cases of plagiarism one has to be extremely cautious due to the various degrees of plagiarism that depend on the individual’s intentionality and regards to profit. There is no accusation of plagiarism for someRead MoreTraditional Practices And Other Cultural Beliefs1748 Words   |  7 Pageshusband. She disagrees with any information regarding Ana’s higher education studies even after being convinced by Ana’s high school teachers. However, Ana does not give up on college education and embarks on working at her sister’s dress warehouse. Ana gets into a relationship but ensures that her mother does not get wind of it for fear of disapproval. Her college education dreams liven up when she receives a grant to study at Columbia University in New York City. She tells her family about the grant

Effects Of Recession And The Financial Crisis - 1263 Words

The Effects of the Recession and the Financial Crisis in Spain Crises are unavoidable phenomenon that appear at a certain time in different regions. These might affect a country s economy quite devastatingly, or might disappear rapidly without serious outcomes. Spain, in 2008 was highly affected by a crisis that lasted for several years, changing the economy of the country significantly. At the point when the worldwide emergency struck in 2008, Spain was going by the Socialist legislature of Prime Minister Josà © Luis Rodrà ­guez Zapatero. Not at all like Greece, it was not an incessant over-high-roller. Its obligation was simply 36% of its GDP in 2007, about a large portion of the obligation weight of the U.S. furthermore Germany at the time. The Socialist Party wasn t loaded with bank industry shills, or submissive admirers of voracious private enterprise, yet their response to the emergency crushed their own particular constituents generally as Spain s decades-long financial model was impending fixed. There are lessons for Americans in unde rstanding what happened to Spain. A developing piece of the Spanish economy was reliant on the private building division. The increment of house costs, the resulting riches impact and the monetary motivations connected to purchase houses created a lodging rise as in different nations. The diminishing estimation of investment rates expanded the general obligation of family units (home loans) and firms. Current record offsetsShow MoreRelatedEconomic Recession1290 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic Recession of 2007 William Mwangi Class title and section Professor’s name Due date of Assignment: 26th August 2011. William Mwangi Economic crisis Class Professor’s name 24th August, 2011. Economic Recession of 2007: What caused it and what were the after effects? Can we predict another major recession? Thesis Statement: Although the recession that dates back in 2007 is still long and deep and surely has shown some recovery, the potential that it will completelyRead MoreThe World s Economy Was Devastated1732 Words   |  7 Pages Assignment 4 GEOG200 Bradley Bache 3129292 Submitted September 10, 2015 In 1929, the western world’s economy was devastated. With the crash of the United States Wall Street, the realm drove into what is now known as the â€Å"Great Recession†. Its neighbour to the north, Canada also felt these affects as unemployment and poverty grew. 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Unknown Free Essays

Life is an experience that comes along with failure. Have you ever had the feeling like you haven’t done your best at something or the feeling that you’re disappointing the people you care about most? Well Eve had that feeling multiple times especially in middle school. In middle school Eve experience lots of failure; failure with friendships, relationships, and rejection. We will write a custom essay sample on Unknown or any similar topic only for you Order Now Failure to me is being unhappy with yourself and not doing what you believe in. My 8th grade year in middle school was a earning experience that came along with lots of failure. The beginning of 8th grade was the easiest part of middle school because there was no drama and less friends. As time went by I gained more friends and more pressure was put on my shoulders. I learned a lot about friendships and the meaning of them. Losing the friends that meant the most to me is one of my failures and something that was challenging. Friendships from the past have a huge impact on the friendships that Eve made today. In middle school I was always open to meeting new people and starting new reined friendships with anyone but now I realize that I can’t do that without getting to know the person first. During my years in high school Eve been more selective with how I choose my friends. Eve learned that in order to trust someone in full and to consider them a good friend, I would have to get to know that person first. Throughout my high school experience Eve gained many friends and learned to trust them. Whenever I had a problem, I would turn to them for advice. Their advice always helped me through my problems and anything else I needed. Throughout my experience in high school and middle school, Eve learned a lot about friendship and values. Eve been making better decisions for myself and how I have been choosing my friends. How I chose my friends will help me in college because Eve had experience with good friends and bad friends. My experience with friends at school is teaching me so much about life. Middle school and high school has helped me with better decision making when choosing friends. I will use this decision making in college to help me build new friendships. How to cite Unknown, Papers Unknown Free Essays B. Sc. (H) Computer Science 3-YEAR FULL TIME PROGRAMME RULES, REGULATIONS AND COURSES CONTENTS DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE FACULTY OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF DELHI DELHI – 110007 2010 Semester Systems at the undergraduate level Course of Study: B. We will write a custom essay sample on Unknown or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sc. (H) Computer Semester – I CSHT-101 Programming Fundamentals CSHT-102 Discrete Structures Digital Electronics Calculus and Matrices CSHT-203 Data Structures Semester – II CSHT-204 computer Systems Architecture English Calculus and Geometry using C++ Semeser – III CSHT-305 Algorithms CSHT-306 Systems Programmin g CSHT-307 File Structures and Database Basic Probability and Statistics Semester – IV CSHT-408 Operating Systems CSHT-409 Data Communica tion and Computer CSHT-410 Software Engineering Real Analysis / Differential Equations Semester – V CSHT-511 Theory of Computations CSHT-512 Microproces sors CSHT-513 Internet Technologie s Optimization I/ Real Analysis/To be decided by the student Semeser – VI CSHT-614 Computer Graphics CSHT-615 Information Security CSHT-616 Electives Statistical Methodology/ DE/To be decided by the student Electives: 1. Software Testing 2. Artificial Intelligence 3. Network Programming and Administration 4. Data Mining 5. Combinatorial Optimizations Proposed Structure and Syllabi for B. Sc. (H) Computer Science – July 2010 Semester I Coding Title L–T–P Credits Total Marks 100 Pre-requisites CSHT-101 Programming Fundamentals using C++ Discrete Structures Digital Electronics Calculus and Matrices Software Lab based on 101 Lab based on Digital Electronics 5 – 0-0 5 – CSHT-102 ** ** CSHP-101 5 – 0-0 5 100 – 0-0-8 4 100 Semester II Coding Title L–T–P Credits Total Marks 100 100 Pre-requisites CSHT-203 CSHT-204 ** ** CSHP-202 CSHP-203 Data Structures Computer Systems Architecture EL – II (Language) Calculus and Geometry Software Lab based on 203 Lab based on 204 5 – 0-0 5 –0-0 5 5 101 0-0-8 0-0-4 4 2 100 50 Semester III Coding Title L–T–P Credits Total Marks 100 100 Pre-requisites CSHT-305 CSHT-306 Algorithms Systems Programming 5-0-0 5 – 0 -0 5 5 101,203 101, 203 CSHT-307 ** CSHP-304 CSHP-305 CSHP- 306 Database Systems Basic Statistics and Probability Software Lab based on 305 Software Lab based on 306 Software Lab based on 307 5–0-0 5 100 101, 203 0-0-4 0-0-4 0-0-4 2 2 2 50 50 50 Semester IV Coding Title L–T–P Credits Total Marks 100 100 Pre-requisites CSHT-408 CSHT-409 Operating Systems Data Communication and Computer Networks Software Engineering Real Analysis/ Differential Equations Software Lab based on 408 Software Lab based on 409 Software Lab based on 410 5 – 0-0 5 – 0-0 5 5 101, 203 CSHT-410 ** 5 – 0-0 5 100 101, 203 – CSHP-407 CSHP-408 CSHP-409 0-0-4 0-0-4 0-0-4 2 2 2 50 50 50 Semester V Coding Title L–T–P Credits Total Marks 100 100 100 Pre-requisites CSHT-511 CSHT-512 CSHT-513 ** CSHP-510 Theory of Computations Microprocessors Internet Technologies Optimization I/Real Analysis/* Software Lab based on 512 5 – 0– 0 5–0-0 5–0-0 5 5 5 01 204 409 0-0-4 2 50 CSHP-511 Lab based on 513 0-0-4 2 50 Semester VI Coding Title L–T–P Credits Total Marks 100 100 100 Pre-requisites CSHT-614 CSHT-615 CSHT-616 ** Computer Graphics Information Security Elective Differential Equations/ Statistical Methodology/* Software Lab based on 614 Softwar e Lab based on 615 Software Lab based on 616 5-0-0 5-0-0 5-0-0 5 5 5 – CSHP-612 CSHP-613 CSHP-614 0-0-4 0-0-4 0-0-4 2 2 2 50 50 50 †¢ To be decided by the student from any discipline * * Will be finalized after the syllabi by the respective departments (Electronics / Mathematics / Statistics / English) are made. CSHT-101 Programming Fundamentals (60 Lectures) Basic Computer Organization: Functional Units, basic I/O devices and storage devices; Representation of integers, real (fixed and floating point), characters (ASCII and Unicode); Basic operations of a programming environment. Problem Solving Approaches: Notion of an algorithm, problem solving using top-down design and decomposition into sub-problems, stepwise methodology of developing an algorithm, methodology of developing an algorithmic solution from a mathematical specification of the problem, use of recursion for problems with inductive characterization. Programming using C++: basic data types; constants and variables, arithmetic and logical expressions, assignment; input-output interface; control structures in conditionals, loops; procedural abstractions; strings and arrays; command line arguments; file handling; error handling. Introduction to the object-oriented programming paradigms; data abstraction and encapsulation — objects and classes; inheritance; polymorphism; Recommended Books: 1. B. A. Forouzan and R. F. Gilberg, Computer Science, A structured Approach using C++, Cengage Learning, 2004. 2. R. G. Dromey, How to solve it by Computer, Pearson Education 1982 3. E. Balaguruswamy, Object Oriented Programming with C++ , 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill 1997 4. G. J. Bronson, A First Book of C++ From Here to There, 3rd Edition, Cengage Learning 2005. 5. G. Seed, An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming in C++, with applications in Computer Graphics Springer 2nd Edition 2001. CSHT 102 Discrete Structures (60 Lectures) Introduction: Sets – finite and Infinite sets, uncountably Infinite Sets; functions, relations, Properties of Binary Relations, Closure, Partial Ordering Relations; counting – Pigeonhole Principle, Permutation and Combination; Mathematical Induction, Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion. Growth of Functions: Asymptotic Notations, Summation formulas and properties, Bounding Summations, approximation by Integrals Recurrences: Recurrence Relations, generating functions, Linear Recurrence Relations with constant coefficients and their solution, Substitution Method, Recurrence Trees, Master Theorem Graph Theory: Basic Terminology, Models and Types, multigraphs and weighted graphs, Graph Representaion, Graph Isomorphism, Connectivity, Euler and Hamiltonian Paths and Circuits, Planar Graphs, Graph Coloring, Trees, Basic Terminology and properties of Trees, Introduction to Spanning Trees Prepositional Logic: Logical Connectives, Well-formed Formulas, Tautologies, Equivalences, Inference Theory Recommended Books: 1. C. L. Liu Mahopatra, Elements of Discrete mathematics, 2nd Sub Edition 1985, Tata McGraw Hill 2. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, Sixth Edition 2006 3. T. H. Coremen, C. E. Leiserson, R. L. Rivest, Introduction to algorithms, Prentice Hall on Ind ia (3rd edition 2009) 4. M. O. Albertson and J. P. Hutchinson, Discrete Mathematics with Algorithms 1988 Johnwiley Publication 5. J. L. Hein, Discrete Structures, Logic, and Computability, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 3rd Edition, 2009 6. D. J. Hunter, Essentials of Discrete Mathematics, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2008 Digital Electronics In consultation with Department of Electronics) Number System and Codes: Decimal, Binary, Hexadecimal, Octal, BCD, Conversions, Complements (1’s and 2’s), Signed and Unsigned numbers, Addition and Substraction, Multiplication Gray and Hamming Codes Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra: Truth Tables, OR, AND, NOT, EXOR, Universal (NOR and NAND) Gates, Boolean Theorems, DeMorgan’s Theorems. Combinational Logic Analysis and Design: Standard representation of logic functions (SOP and POS), Minimization Techniques(Karnaugh Map Method: 4,5 variables). Multiplexers(2:1,4:1)) and Demultiplexers (1:2,4:1), Adder (half and full) and the ir use as substractor, Encoder (8-line-to-3-line) and Decoder (3-line-to-8-line) , Code Converters( Binary to BCD and vice versa). Sequential logic design: Latch, Flip flop, S-R FF , J-K FF, T and D type FFs, Clocked FFs, Registers, Counters (ripple, synchronous and asynchronous, ring, modulus), State Table, State Diagrams and Sequential Machines. A/D and D/A Converters: Successive Approximation ADC, R/2R Ladder DAC. Memories: General Memory Operation, ROM, RAM (Static and Dynamic), PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, EAROM. Suggested Books: 1. Digital Electronics, Principles and Applications, R. L. Tokheim, Tata McGraw-Hill. 2. Digital Principles, R. L. Tokheim, Schaum’s Outline Series, Tata McGraw-Hill. 3. Digital Systems, Principles and Applications, R. J. Tocci and N. S. Widner, Pearson Education Asia. 4. Digital Principles and Applications, A. P. Malvino and D. Leach, Tata McGraw Hill. 5. Digital Design, M. M. Mano, Pearson Education Asia. 6. Digital Fundamentals, T. L. Floyd, Pearson Education Asia. 7. Solved Problems in Digital Electronics, S. P. Bali, Sigma Series, Tata McGraw-Hill. 8. Digital Electronics, W. H. Gothmann, Prentice Hall of India. 9. Modern Digital Electronics, R. P. Jain, Tata McGraw-Hill. CSHT 203 Data Structures (60 Lectures) Introduction: Abstract Data Types, Arrays- Single and Multidimensional arrays, Sparse matrices. Linear structures: Stacks, Queues (linear as well as circular implementation), singly-, doubly-, and circularly- linked lists — Operations and applications. Recursion: Problem solving using recursion, run time stack in recursion, tail recursion, and its removal. Searching techniques: Linear search, Binary search and their efficiency, Skip Lists, Hashing. Tree Structures: Trees, Binary Trees, Complete Binary trees and almost complete Binary trees, binary search trees, Insertion, Deletion, Tree traversal algorithms, Threaded trees (recursive as well as Non recursive), applications of trees. Multiway trees – B-Trees and introduction to B+ Trees. Recommended Books: 1. A. Drozdek, Data Structures and algorithm in C++, 3rd Edition, Course Technology 2004. 2. Data Structures using C and C++, Tannenbaum, 2nd edition ** 1995 3. Data Structures and Algorithms in C++. Publication John Wiley 2003 4. S. Sahni, Data Structures, Algorithms and applications in C++, Publication Silicon Press 2004 5. B. R. Preiss, Data structures and algorithms with object oriented design patterns in C++, John Wiley and sons, 1998. CSHT 204 Computer System Architecture (60 Lectures) Basic Computer Organization and Design: Computer registers, bus system, instruction set, timing and control, instruction cycle, memory reference, input-output and interrupt, Interconnection Structures, Bus Interconnection design of basic computer. Central Processing Unit: Register organization, arithmetic and logical micro-operations, stack organization, micro programmed control. Instruction formats, addressing modes, instruction codes, machine language, assembly language, input output programming, RISC, CISC architectures, pipelining and parallel architecture. Memory Organization: Cache memory, Associative memory, mapping. Input-output Organization: Input / Output: External Devices, I/O Modules, Programmed I/O, Interrupt-Driven I/O, Direct Memory Access, I/O Channels Recommended Books: 1. M. Mano, Computer System Architecture, Prentice Hall of India Third edition / Pearson Education 1992. 2. A. J. Dos Reis, Assembly language and computer architecture using C++ and JAVA, Course Technology, 2004. 3. W. Stallings, Computer Organization and Architecture Desiguing for Performance 8th Edition 2009, Prentice Hall of India. CSHT 305 Algorithms (60 Lectures) Introduction: Basic Design and Analysis techniques of Algorithms, Correctness of Algorithm. Algorithm Design Techniques: Iterative techniques, Divide and Conquer, Dynamic Programming, Greedy Algorithms. Sorting and Searching Techniques: Elementary sorting techniques – Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Merge Sort, Advanced Sorting techniques – Heap Sort, Quick Sort, Sorting in Linear Time Bucket Sort, Radix Sort and Count Sort, Searching Techniques, Medians Order Statistics, complexity analysis; Lower Bounding Techniques: Decision Trees Balanced Trees – Red-Black Trees Advanced Analysis Technique: Amortized analysis Graphs: Graph Algorithms – Breadth First Search, Depth First Search and its Applications, Minimum Spanning Trees. String Processing: String Matching, KMP Technique Recommended Books: 1. T. H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein Introduction to Algorithms, PHI, 3rd Edition 2009 2. Sarabasse A. V. Gelder Computer Algorithm – Introduction to Design and Analysis, Publisher – Pearson 3rd Edition 1999 CSHT 306 Systems Programming (60 Lectures) Introduction: Introduction to Systems Software and machine architecture. Assemblers: Example of an assembly language, programming in assembly language, assembler features and functions, Load and Go assembler, One-pass and two pass assemblers, Macros and macro processors. Compilers: Compiler functions and features, phases of compilation, optimization. Loaders and Linkers: Basic Loader functions and features, Relocation, Program Linking, static and dynamic linking. Recommended Books: 1. A. J. Dos Reis, Assembly language and computer architecture using C++ and JAVA, Course Technology, 2004 2. D. M. Dhamdhere Systems Programming and Operating Systems, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Ltd; Second Revised Edition 1996 3. L. Beck, D. Manjula, System Software, An Introduction to Systems Programming, Pearson, 3rd Edition 1996. 4. S. Chattopadhyay, Systems Software, PHI 2007. CSHT 307 Database Systems (60 Lectures) Introduction: Characteristics of database approach, data models, database system architecture and data independence. Entity Relationship(ER) Modeling: Entity types, relationships, constraints. Relation data model: Relational model concepts, relational constraints, relational algebra, SQL queries, programming using embedded SQL. Database design: mapping ER model to relational database, functional dependencies, normal forms. Transaction Processing: ACID properties, concurrency control, recovery. Web based databases: XML documents and databases. Books Recommended: 1. R. Elmasri, S. B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems 6th Edition, Pearson Education 2010. 2. R. Ramakrishanan, J. Gehrke, Database Management Systems 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill 2002. 3. A. Silberschatz, H. F. Korth, S. Sudarshan, Database System Concepts 6th Edition, McGraw Hill 2010. CSHT 408 Operating Systems (60 Lectures) Introduction: Basic OS functions, resource abstraction, types of operating systems – multiprogramming systems, batch systems , time sharing systems; operating systems for personal computers workstations, process control real time systems. Operating System Organization: processor and user modes, kernels, system calls and system programs. Process Management: System view of the process and resources, process abstraction, process hierarchy, threads, threading issues, thread libraries; Process Scheduling, non-pre-emptive and pre-emptive scheduling algorithms; concurrent and processes, critical section, semaphores, methods for inter-process communication; deadlocks. Memory Management: Physical and virtual address space; memory allocation strategies -fixed and variable partitions, paging, segmentation, virtual memory File and I/O Management: Directory structure, file operations, file allocation methods, device management. Protection and Security: Policy mechanism, authentication, internal access authorization. Recommended Books: 1. A Silberschatz, P. B. Galvin, G. Gagne, Operating Systems Concepts, 8th Edition, John Wiley Publications 2008. 2. A. S. Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education 2007. 3. G. Nutt, Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, 2nd Edition Pearson Education 1997. 4. W. Stallings, Operating Systems, Internals Design Principles 2008 5th Edition, Prentice Hall of India. 5. M. Milenkovic, Operating Systems- Concepts and design, Tata McGraw Hill 1992. CSHT 409 Data Communication and Computer Networks (60 Lectures) Introduction to Computer Networks: Network definition; network topologies; network classifications; network protocol; layered network architecture; overview of OSI reference model; overview of TCP/IP protocol suite. Data Communication Fundamentals and Techniques: Analog and digital signal; data-rate limits; digital to digital line encoding schemes; pulse code modulation; parallel and serial transmission; digital to analog modulation-; multiplexing techniques- FDM, TDM; transmission media. Networks Switching Techniques and Access mechanisms: Circuit switching; packet switching- connectionless datagram switching, connection-oriented virtual circuit switching; dial-up modems; digital subscriber line; cable TV for data transfer. Data Link Layer Functions and Protocol: Error detection and error correction techniques; data-link control- framing and flow control; error recovery protocols- stop and wait ARQ, goback-n ARQ; Point to Point Protocol on Internet. Multiple Access Protocol and Networks: CSMA/CD protocols; Ethernet LANS; connecting LAN and back-bone networks- repeaters, hubs, switches, bridges, router and gateways; Networks Layer Functions and Protocols: routing; routing algorithms; network layer protocol of Internet- IP protocol, Internet control protocols. Transport Layer Functions and Protocols: Transport services- error and flow control, Connection establishment and release- three way handshake; Overview of Application layer protocol: Overview of DNS protocol; overview of WWW HTTP protocol. Recommended Books: 1. B. A. Forouzan: Data Communications and Networking, Fourth edition, THM Publishing Company Ltd 2007. 2. A. S. Tanenbaum: Computer Networks, Fourth edition, PHI Pvt. Ltd 2002. CSHT 410 Software Engineering (60 Lectures) Introduction: The Evolving Role of Software, Software Characteristics, Changing Nature of Software, Software Engineering as a Layered Technology, Software Process Framework, Framework and Umbrella Activities, Process Models, Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). Requirement Analysis: Software Requirement Analysis, Initiating Requirement Engineering Process, Requirement Analysis and Modeling Techniques, Flow Oriented Modeling, Need for SRS, Characteristics and Components of SRS. Software Project Management: Estimation in Project Planning Process, Project Scheduling. Risk Management: Software Risks, Risk Identification, Risk Projection and Risk Refinement, RMMM Plan. Quality Management: Quality Concepts, Software Quality Assurance, Software Reviews, Metrics for Process and Projects. Design Engineering: Design Concepts, Architectural Design Elements, Software Architecture, Data Design at the Architectural Level and Component Level, Mapping of Data Flow into Software Architecture, Modeling Component Level Design. Testing Strategies Tactics: Software Testing Fundamentals, Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, BlackBox Testing, White-Box Testing and their type, Basis Path Testing. Recommended Books: 1. R. S. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach (7th Edition), McGrawHill, 2009. 2. P. Jalote, An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering (2nd Edition), Narosa Publishing House, 2003. 3. K. K. Aggarwal and Y. Singh, Software Engineering (revised 2nd Edition), New Age International Publishers, 2008. 4. I. Sommerville, Software Engineering (8th edition), Addison Wesle, 2006. 5. D. Bell, Software Engineering for Students (4th Edition), Addison-Wesley, 2005. 6. R. Mall, Fundamentals of Software Engineering (2nd Edition), Prentice-Hall of India, 2004. CSHT 511 Theory of Computation (60 Lectures) Languages: Alphabets, string, language, Basic Operations on language, Concatenation, Kleene Star Finite Automata and Regular Languages: Regular Expressions, Transition Graphs, Deterministics and non-deterministic finite automata, NFA to DFA Conversion, Regular languages and their relationship with finite automata, Pumping lemma and closure properties of regular languages. Context free languages: Context free grammars, parse trees, ambiguities in grammars and languages, Pushdown automata (Deterministic and Non-deterministic), Pumping Lemma, Properties of context free languages, normal forms. Turing Macines and Models of Computations: RAM, Turing Machine as a model of computation, Universal Turing Machine, Language acceptability, decidability, halting problem, Recursively enumerable and recursive languages, unsolvability problems. Recommended Books: 1. Daniel I. A. Cohen, Introduction to computer theory – John Wiley (1996 2nd Edition). 2. Lewis Papadimitriou, Elements of the theory of computation – II Edition PHI 1997. 3. Hoperoft, Aho, Ullman, Introduction to Automata theory, Language Computation –3rd Edition 2006, Pearson Education. 4. P. Linz, An Introduction to Formal Language and Automata 4th edition Publication Jones Bartlett 2006 CSHT 512 Microprocessors (60 Lectures) Microprocessor architecture: Internal architecture, system bus architecture, memory and I/O interfaces. Microprocessor programming: Register Organization, instruction formats, assembly language programming. Interfacing: Memory address decoding, cache memory and cache controllers, I/O interface, keyboard, display, timer, interrupt controller, DMA controller, video controllers, communication interfaces. Recommended Books: 1. Barry B. Brey : The Intel Microprocessors : Architecture, Programming and Interfacing. Pearson Education, Sixth Edition. 2. Walter A Triebel, Avtar Singh; The 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors Programming, Interfacing, Software, Hardware, and Applications. PHI, Fourth Edition 2005. CSHT 513 Internet Technologies (60 Lectures) JavaScript: Data types, operators, functions, control structures, events and event handling. Java: Use of Objects, Array and ArrayList class , Designing classes, Inheritance, Input/Output, Exception Handling. JDBC: JDBC Fundamentals, Establishing Connectivity and working with connection interface, Working with statements, Creating and Executing SQL Statements, Working with Result Set Objects. JSP: Introduction to JavaServer Pages, HTTP and Servlet Basics, The Problem with Servlets, The Anatomy of a JSP Page, JSP Processing, JSP Application Design with MVC, Setting Up the JSP Environment, Implicit JSP Objects, Conditional Processing, Displaying Values, Using an expression to Set an Attribute, Declaring Variables and Methods, Error Handling and Debugging, Sharing Data Between JSP Pages, Requests, and Users, Database Access. Java Beans: Java Beans Fundamentals, JAR files, Introspection, Developing a simple Bean, Connecting to DB Recommended Books: 1. Web Enabled Commercial Application Development Using Html, Dhtml,javascript, Perl Cgi By Ivan Bayross, BPB Publications, 2009. 2. BIG Java Cay Horstmann, Wiley Publication , 3rd Edition. , 2009 3. Java 7 ,The Complete Reference, Herbert Schildt, 8th Edition, 2009. 4. The Complete Reference J2EE, TMH, Jim Keogh, 2002. 5. Java Server Pages, Hans Bergsten, Third Edition, O’Reilly Media December 2003. CSHT 614 Computer Graphics (60 Lectures) Introduction to Graphics systems, Basic elements of Computer graphics, Applications of computer graphics. Graphics Hardware: Architecture of Raster and Random scan display devices, input/output devices. Fundamental Techniques in Graphics: Raster scan line, circle and ellipse drawing, thick primitives, Polygon filling, line and polygon clipping algorithms, 2D and 3D Geometric Transformations, 2D and 3D Viewing Transformations (Projections- Parallel and Perspective), Vanishing points. Geometric Modeling: Representing curves Surfaces. Visible Surface determination: Hidden surface elimination. Surface rendering: Illumination and shading models. Basic color models and Computer Animation. Books Recommended: 1. J. D. Foley, A. Van Dan, Feiner, Hughes Computer Graphics Principles Practice 2nd edition Publication Addison Wesley 1990. 2. D. Hearn, Baker: Computer Graphics, Prentice Hall of India 2008. 3. D. F. Rogers Procedural Elements for Computer Graphics, McGraw Hill 1997. 4. D. F. Rogers, Adams Mathematical Elements for Computer Graphics, McGraw Hill 2nd edition 1989. CSHT 615 Information Security (60 Lectures) Introduction: Security, Attacks, Computer Criminals, Security Services, Security Mechanisms. Cryptography: Substitution ciphers, Transpositions Cipher, Confusion, diffusion, Symmetric, Asymmetric Encryption. DES Modes of DES. ,Uses of Encryption. ,Hash function,key exchange, digital signatures,Digital Certificates. Program Security: Secure programs,Non malicious Program errors, Malicious codes virus,trap doors,salami attacks, covert channels,Control against program Threats. Protection in OS: Memory and Address Protection, Access control, File Protection, User Authentication. Database Security: Requirements, Reliability, Integrity, Sensitive data, Inference, Multilevel Security. Security in Networks: Threats in Networks s Networks security Controls, detection systems, Secure e-mails firewalls, Intusion Administrating Security: Security Planning, Risk Analysis, Organisational Security Policy, Physical Security. Ethical issues in Security: Protecting Programs and data. Information and law. Recommended Books: 1. C. P. Pfleeger, S. L. Pfleeger; Security in Computing, Prentice Hall of India, 2006 2. W. Stallings ; Network Security Essentials: Applications and Standards, 4/E, 2010 CSHT 616 (i) Foundations of Software Testing Fundamentals of testing: Need for testing, process, The psychology of testing General testing principles, Fundamental test Testing throughout the software life cycle: Software development models, Test levels (Unit, Integration, System Acceptance testing), Test types (functional, non-functional, regression testing), Maintenance testing Static techniques: Static techniques and the test process, Review process (types of review, roles and responsibilities), Test design techniques: The Test Development Process, Categories of test design techniques, Specification-based or black-box techniques (Equivalence partitioning, Boundary value analysis, Decision table testing, State transition testing, Use case testing), Structure-based or white-box techniques (Statement testing and coverage, Decision testing and coverage, other structure-based techniques), Experience-based techniques, Choosing test techniques Test management: Test organization (test leader, tester), Test planning and estimation ( Test planning, Test planning activities, Exit criteria, Test estimation, Test approaches), Test progress monitoring and control (Test progress monitoring, test reporting, test control), Configuration management, Risk and testing (Project risks, Product risks), Incident management Web Application Testing Foundation: Basic test planning and testing methods for web applications, Introduction to gray-box testing and its application to testing web applications, Outline knowledge, methods and tools for testing web applications, Introduction to web testing tools and sources, Introduction to research tools on the Net. Tool support for testing: Types of test tool, Test tool classification, Tool support for management of testing and tests, static testing, test specification, test execution and logging, performance and monitoring, specific application areas, using other tools, Effective use of tools: potential benefits and risks Recommended Books: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Boris Beizer, â€Å"Software Testing Techniques†, Van Nostrand Reinhold Louise Tamres, â€Å"Software Testing†, Pearson Education Paul Jogerson, â€Å"Software Testing† CRC Press Roger R Pressman, â€Å"Software Engineering – A Practitioner’s approach† Mc Graw Hill Testing Applications on the Web, 2nd Edition by Nguyen, Michael Hackett, and Bob Johnson (Wiley, 2003 CSHT 616 (ii) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Introduction: (60 Lectures) Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Background and Applications, Turing Test and Rational Agent approaches to AI, Introduction to Intelligent Agents, their structure, be havior and environment. Problem Solving and Searching Techniques: Problem Characteristics, Production Systems, Control Strategies, Breadth First Search, Depth First Search, Hill climbing and its Variations, Heuristics Search Techniques: Best First Search, A* algorithm, Constraint Satisfaction Problem, Means-End Analysis, Introduction to Game Playing, Min-Max and Alpha-Beta pruning algorithms. Knowledge Representation: Introduction to First Order Predicate Logic, Resolution Principle, Unification, Semantic Nets, Conceptual Dependencies, Frames, and Scripts, Production Rules, Conceptual Graphs. Programming in Logic (PROLOG). Dealing with Uncertainty and Inconsistencies: Truth Maintenance System, Default Reasoning, Probabilistic Reasoning, Bayesian Probabilistic Inference, Possible World Representations. Understanding Natural Languages: Parsing Techniques, Context-Free and Transformational Grammars, Recursive and Augmented Transition Nets. BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1. 2. DAN. W. Patterson, Introduction to A. I and Expert Systems – PHI, 2007. Russell Norvig, Artificial Intelligence-A Modern Approach, LPE, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2nd edition, 2005. Rich Knight, Artificial Intelligence – Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd edition, 1991. W. F. Clocksin and Mellish, Programming in PROLOG, Narosa Publishing House, 3rd edition, 2001. 5. Ivan Bratko, Prolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence, Addison-Wesley, Pearson Education, 3rd edition, 2000. 3. 4. CSHT 616 (iii) Network Programming and Administration Transport Layer Protocols: TCP, UDP, SCTP protocol. Socket Programming: Socket Introduction; TCP Sockets; TCP Client/Server Example ; signal handling; I/O multiplexing using sockets; Socket Options; UDP Sockets; UDP client server example; Address lookup using sockets. Network Applications: Remote logging; Email; WWWW and HTTP. LAN administration: Linux and TCP/IP networking: Network Management and Debugging. Books recommended: 1. W. Richard Stevens, Bill Fenner, Andrew M. Rudoff, Unix Network Programming, The sockets Networking API, Vol. 1, 3rd Edition, PHI. 2. B. A. Forouzan: Data Communications and Networking, Fourth edition, THM Publishing Company Ltd. 3. Nemeth Synder Hein, Linux Administration Handbook, Pearson Education, 2nd Edition 4. R. Stevens, Unix Network Programming, PHI 2nd Edition CSHT 616 (iv) Data Mining Overview: Predictive and descriptive data mining techniques, supervised and unsupervised learning techniques, process of knowledge discovery in databases, pre-processing methods Data Mining Techniques: Association Rule Mining, classification and regression techniques, clustering, Scalability and data management issues in data mining algorithms, measures of interestingness Books Recommended: 1. Introduction to Data Mining, Pang-Ning Tan, Michael Steinbach, Vipin Kumar, Pearson Education. 2. Data Mining: A Tutorial Based Primer, Richard Roiger, Michael Geatz, Information; Pearson Education 2003. 3. Introduction to Data Mining with Case Studies, G. K. Gupta, PHI,2006. 4. Insight Into Data Mining: Theory And Practice, Soman K P,Diwakar Shyam, Ajay V, PHI, 2006 CSHT 616 (v) Combinatorial Optimization Introduction: Optimization problems, neighborhoods, local and global optima, convex sets and functions, simplex method, degeneracy; duality and dual algorithm, computational considerations for the simplex and dual simplex algorithms-Dantzig-Wolfe algorithms. Integer Linear Programming: Cutting plane algorithms, branch and bound technique. Graph Algorithms: Primal-Dual algorithm and its application to shortest path, Math-flow problems Dijkstra’s algorithm, Max-flow problem, matching problem, bipartite matching algorithm, non-bipartite matching algorithms. Books recommended: 1. C. H. Papadimitriou and K. Steiglitz, Combinatorial Optimization: Algorithms and complexity, Prentice-Hall of India, 2006 2. K. Lange, Optimization, Springer, 2004 3. Mokhtar S. Bazaraa, John J. Jarvis and Hanif D. Sherali, Linear Programming and Network Flows, John Wiley Sons, 2004 4. H. A. Taha, Operations Research: An Introduction (8th Edition), Prentice Hall, 2006 How to cite Unknown, Papers