EP 09 Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing

EP 09 Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing EP 09: Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing EP 09: Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing Welcome to Episode 9 of The Homework Help Show! Last week, we investigated the core of what makes a good essay and how to get there. We discussed how to properly read over your assignment instructions and marking rubric, creating a framework, thesis statement, forming your key arguments, the importance of editing, and more! The Homework Help Show is our brand new show where we will teach, assist, and offer valuable insights on different topics related to students academic and personal lives. Want your questions answered? Ask your questions on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] It is a super busy time of year so I know that people are probably a little bit backed up on work. I know that Im definitely feeling the heat and even people who arent in the world of academia are definitely feeling like its a busy time of year. Christmas time and the holiday season always seems to add that extra level of pressure and sometimes anxiety. But also theres a lot of good things that go along with the season as well because you know you have the opportunity to take a vacation during the holidays. Thats great too. Im actually just going to move my Instagram over a little bit so I can look at both cameras at the same time and Im going to jump into the content. Cath Anne: [00:00:54] This week we are going to talk about how to write an effective essay. We did talk about how to formulate an appropriate thesis statement. We talked about how to do really great research. This week I wanted to discuss some tips around how to write a really effective essay. I was hoping to be able to show you my screen so we can do a few exercises but I dont think that I have quite figured that out. We might have to not do that this week unfortunately. Cath Anne: [00:01:33] Welcome back to this weeks Livestream of the Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. This week were jumping back into some more academic content which is fun and Im going to be giving you some exclusive tips on how to make your essays the best essays that you could ever write. Cath Anne: [00:01:51] We want to get you an A+. OK. Cath Anne: [00:01:53] My cat is just jumping up on my lap here so Im just going to move him just give me one moment. My apologies for that. That sometimes happens I forget to put him away when Im in mid prepping for the for the stream. So hes away now. Otherwise he would just be bugging me the whole time. Hes sweet but I wouldnt be able to concentrate a few jumping up on me. Cath Anne: [00:02:32] Homework Help Global, we are a custom essay writing organization and we do help with editing and resume writing as well. Of course we want to give you the best value around how to write an essay and we want you to get good grades as well. So lets jump in and get into some of the good stuff that I have prepared. Cath Anne: [00:02:58] One of the first things you want to do when youre beginning to write an essay is make sure you understand the topic and the question thats being asked. This is where I wanted to get into some questions, which I did type up and we will go over them. But when youre doing an essay you want to take the essay prompt and kind of deconstruct it. So I like to go through an essay question and you can even print it off on a piece of paper. I know that we should be saving the trees so if you want to do this on your laptop that can be great too or you can write it out in a little notebook. I just find that it helps to have it in a physical copy so you can go through and actually underline things. Of course if you are doing an essay question during an exam certainly you will have that on a piece of paper as well so youll be able to do this. I have found it most effective during an exam to do that because it really deconstructing the essay question really helps to kind of fra me what youre going to write. Cath Anne: [00:04:24] Basically here is one essay question. So it begins: Critically analyze the key concepts of working cross culturally, specifically in regards to effective communication and the impact on your work practice. Cath Anne: [00:04:40] I wanted to use that as an example. So if we had this question, how would we break it down? The question begins: Critically analyze the key concepts of working cross culturally. That is the first line. So it begins with critically analyze. When youre talking about being critical you want to identify and discuss both the positive and negatives of an issue. So when Im looking at this question Im going underline [the word] critically. Analyze it means that youre also going to bring in some kind of analysis and argument to the question. Cath Anne: [00:05:21] Ill underline that or circle it [analyze] just so that I know that thats the crux of my paper. That is an essential component of the question because [it indicates] that the prof is obviously looking for some specific terms. So youre going to know that when they say these key concepts or key words that is a really important line to make note of. Cath Anne: [00:05:48] (To Instagram Viewer): Hi, Coach Kaur. I see that you joined us on Instagram. Thank you. Hope youre having a good week. Cath Anne: [00:06:02] To keep going with the question. The key concepts of working cross culturally, so youll probably underline cross culturally and maybe circle working because thats not quite as important. Youre going to want to underline key concepts and cross culturally because those are the key components of the question. Then specifically in regards to effective communication and the impact on your work practice so effective communication, that is one component of the question and you going to relate it to your own work practice. What that implies is that there will be a level of reflection embedded into your response in the paper. Cath Anne: [00:06:51] As mentioned, youre going through the process of trying to write an essay youll want to print that off or type it up in a Word document or write it out in a book and go through and physically underlying these components. This will give you a sense of what youre looking for when you are writing your essay. I just wanted to go over so there are different ways that a prof might indicate something to you in terms of what they want out of the essay. Cath Anne: [00:07:23] If they ask you to describe or summarize that basically just means to give the facts. The process or the event you want to describe the components of whatever they want you to describe. If theyre asking you to explain they want you to analyze something not simply describe or summarize it. Youre going to write you want to write it in a specific order. If theyre asking you to argue something youre going to systematically report or reject point. If they want you to discuss that theyre asking you to present a point of view. If theyre asking you to critique theyre asking you to identify and discuss both positive and negative aspects of an issue. Compare and contrast asks you do find similarities and differences between two issues or topics. Those are all the ways that a professor might frame an essay question. Cath Anne: [00:08:27] (To Instagram Viewer): Hi, The Neighbourly Consultant. Nice to see you. I see someone else joining us. Ira, I dont want to pronounce that name wrong, but its nice that you joined us as well. Cath Anne: [00:08:43] Were talking about how to write a great essay question and the first kind that I wanted to talk about is when you get the essay question how to kind of break it down and frame it out for yourself. Okay so moving on from there. From there once you have broken down the essay question youre going to want to go through your course notes and then even do a quick Google search. Cath Anne: [00:09:22] I know a prof would probably not be happy with me for saying this but sometimes when you want to get a good overall sense of the topic if you dont already know about it can be good to use Wikipedia just for your own reading because Wikipedia includes a lot of really good open source information. Please dont rely on that for an academic resource; thats just for your use in order to give an overview and a sense of what youre going to be writing about. Just do a little bit of brief research. Go over your content that youve acquired in class and then make sure that you have a really good grasp at the topic before you move on to the next question. Make sure youre using your sticky notes, you are using your highlighters, and youre really taking some time to figure out what that question means. Cath Anne: [00:10:24] The second component of writing a really good essay is taking the time to create a framework around your work. This will give you guidance on how to structure the essay. One of the most basic and helpful ways to structure an essay is to use the five-paragraph structure. It is really important to structure at your essay because this gives it a logical flow. Because the five-paragraph essay format is so common your professors or your reader will know what to expect. If anyone hasnt heard of the five-paragraph essay Im going to go through it a little bit more in-depth. Basically it is: an introduction, three body paragraphs, and then a conclusion. There are tons of templates that you can use if youre a type of person that likes to use a template. Cath Anne: [00:11:22] Take out a piece of paper and write down your topic and your research question or your thesis. Then writer your three body paragraphs and your conclusion. By doing this it gives you a bit of an outline to work with. The really best way to begin your essay is to write down your topic at the beginning of your page. Then you can work on figuring out what to include in your introduction. Use three body paragraphs and conclusion, which equals a standard five paragraph essay. Now, there are some people who might write have their topic and then write their body paragraphs but then write their introduction and conclusion to at the end because then it kind of summarizes everything. But when youre just starting out if youre an undergraduate student and you havent written many essays, the five-paragraph essay can give you a really strong basis. I would recommend writing your introduction first because it provides kind of a basis for you to go back to. In order to summarize everything and make sure that youre on the right track and that youre keeping focused. Cath Anne: [00:12:41] Then youre going to want to start planning each of your paragraphs. The introduction should open the discussion, introduce your argument, and indicate your response to the question. Remember that question that we talked about at the beginning youre going to make sure that in your introduction you are responding to that question. You will be formulating a thesis statement or research question around whatever the essay prompt indicates. Cath Anne: [00:13:15] You also want to make sure that your intro has a good hook. Even though academic writing can be a little bit dry maybe and somewhat professional, you dont want it to be boring. You want your reader to want to read your essay. You dont want them to just kind of toss it aside. What the hook means is that its going to hook your reader and so its going to make them engaged and interested. So you want to make sure that youre giving a good argument. Youre going to want to make your reader ask: Who cares about what you have to say. So like I said in Week 3 of The Learning Studio we talked about how to write a thesis statement. So if youre interested in accessing that session well put a link. Ill put a link in the comments below and you guys can take a look at how to write an effective thesis statement and some tips that I offered around that. Cath Anne: [00:14:24] Your argument is the most important part of your paper because it holds everything together. You can think about it kind of like the backbone of your essay. When youre making your argument youre going to want to make sure that its very strong so that you can fall back on that argument. Youll refer back to it several times throughout the paper. Youll be making reference to it in your body paragraphs as well. So you really want to make sure that it comes across strongly. Cath Anne: [00:15:09] In your introduction youre going to want to introduce your topic, introduce your thesis statement, and then you will want to discuss three points that youll be mentioning in each one of your body paragraphs. Keep in mind that you want your reader to know what to expect when they are reading your paper. In the introduction it can be really helpful to introduce the various points that youre going to be discussing and then tie them back into your argument. It also gives you something to fall back on when youre reading your essay. Each point that you make in your introduction will in turn correlate with each body paragraph throughout the essay. Once you move onto your body paragraphs youre going to want to make sure that each of your body paragraphs refers back to the introduction and each of the points that you made in your introduction. So make sure that you connect those dots although that seems kind of obvious. It can be challenging sometimes when youre in the m idst of writing an essay especially if youre doing it very quickly and within a time crunch to kind of forget and lose your way because you want to finish it. Cath Anne: [00:16:41] Thats why it can be really good to start with a strong introduction and introduce those body paragraphs and make sure that each body paragraph is referring back to the introduction. In each body paragraph youre going to use references and data that youve retrieved to kind of flush out those pieces of information. Youre going to use supporting evidence to connect it back to your argument that youre making, the one you introduced and your initial paragraph. Cath Anne: [00:17:16] Then in your conclusion that is where youre going to bring everything together and summarize everything. I wanted to make the point that in your conclusion youre not introducing any new information you are basically just summarizing everything that you already just talked about. Its really important that you dont bring up anything new you dont draw on any new theories or anything like that. Youre basically summarizing your argument and then summarizing all the body paragraphs and linking them back to the argument, that is your conclusion. So, thats basically the structure of a five-paragraph essay. Cath Anne: [00:18:01] The next portion that I wanted to discuss is to write in stages. Once youve completed the plan for your paper you can begin with the first draft. So the plan is basically your outline. Youve broken everything down into your introduction. You know what your argument is. You understand each body paragraph and what points you are going to make in your body paragraph and then your conclusion. Once you have completed that outline, then you can begin writing your essay. At that point youre just going to want to let your ideas flow. It can be really easy when youre writing to get stuck and get a little bit of writers block. But at this point rely on your outline and just let the ideas flow. Get them down on paper especially if you have a high word count. Cath Anne: [00:19:02] Youre not going to want to hold yourself back because in this if youre giving yourself enough time youre going to have lots of time to edit. Let the ideas flow, access all the research you can. Incorporate all your resources and just kind of go from there. Lean on your outline. Thats why its important to use an outline. Cath Anne: [00:19:32] It is also important to be mindful of when youre writing not to rely on the words I or me especially in academic writing. Now there are times where the prof will suggest that you are able to use the I or me. However, that would be in a reflective paper. I used to write a lot of those kind of reflective papers in social work school. We were allowed by the prof to use I or me. In general academia you dont use I or me in your writing. Its best to write in third person and not first person. So just make sure that youre writing in stages giving yourself time to edit and relying on your outline. Cath Anne: [00:20:32] Moving on to editing. Many of us do not give ourselves enough time to edit. A lot of students do not edit their work. You know I have to be honest I sometimes was a procrastinator. I was pretty good. Like I usually had time to overview my essay a couple of times before I passed it in. Even if you are an incredibly amazing writer youre still going to need to edit because youre going to make mistakes. Its just the nature of human beings. We all make mistakes so we all have to edit. Make sure that youre giving yourself a lot of time to edit and proofread. And again I know that it is best to save paper if we can, but in this case it can be really helpful to actually print off your essay and do the same thing that you did with the initial essay question just go through and highlight things, underline things, cross things out, and then you can go back onto your computer and type up and insert all of the edits that you made. Cath Anne: [00:21:48] I know that a lot of people rely on the computer these days running spell checks. I am guilty of that for sure. Those programs can be really helpful. There is one called Grammarly and it helps in correcting grammar. Its really helpful but really getting in the practice of actually physically editing your work on your own is effective. So I would recommend getting into that habit. When you edit youre looking for spelling issues, grammar issues, and making sure that the essay flows overall and its succinctly focused on your topic. If youre going off the rails a little bit you want to make sure that you kind of rephrase things in order to bring it back to the topic. You want to at least spend 15 minutes proofreading your essay. If youre not a procrastinator, its going to be really easy and beneficial for you to go back and edit your essay. So make sure that youre doing that. You can definitely, even if you take the time to do it for 15 minutes or even half an hour. You can you can potentially raise your grade by 5 percent which could be almost the letter grade or half a letter grade. So its important to take some time to edit. Cath Anne: [00:23:22] Another component of essay writing which is essential is to make sure that youre conscious of all of the components that go into essay writing. The prof will usually, when theyre giving you an outline for an essay, they will put all of their requirements in the description of the assignment. Make sure that youre paying attention to those. Dont only pay attention to the essay question and then just start writing. Sometimes professors can dock marks if you fail to adhere to their requirements. What Im talking about is making sure that youre using the correct reference style whether its MLA or APA or Chicago format. Make sure that youre using the one that is appropriate for the discipline that youre writing for and usually your prof will make note of that on the assignment template. The second piece is to make sure that along with that include in text citations and that they are all in the correct format as well. Cath Anne: [00:24:41] Then make certain that youre using the correct format for your title page. For APA format youll want to have a running header at the beginning up at the top and on each page and youre going to have page numbers on each one. Youll have a title page with the title and your name and the institution and the profs name. In MLA format its a bit different. You put all the information up in the top left corner. You put a page number up to the right, with your last name beside it. Make sure that you access Owl Purdue, which has the breakdown of the various referencing formats. Make sure that youre accessing those sites. Where youre able to see the appropriate format for that discipline and for what your prof is asking you to do. Cath Anne: [00:25:48] Another thing that you want to check for is that you have the right word count. Make sure that when youre when youve finished your essay that youre meeting the required word count or required page count depending on what your professor is asking you to do. Also be conscious that youre not counting words that are in your title page or your references in your word count or your page count because usually those dont count. There may be the very rare time where a professor might say that counts as your word count but Ive never really seen it. Make sure that youre only counting the body of your work in the word count. Cath Anne: [00:26:34] Another tip is if you can and this is something that I used to really have a problem with when I was in my undergrad because I wrote a lot of English papers and I wasnt really good at paraphrasing things so I really had trouble kind of taking the information that I read and then paraphrasing it to put it into an essay. I would often rely on block quotations. Id have a paragraph introduction, and then Id have four or five lines of an indented block quotation and then another paragraph and then in another block quotation. What happens is that the prof doesnt recognize if you are really grasping the concepts because youre relying only on quotations to make your argument. So make sure that you develop the skill of being able to paraphrase and summarize. Cath Anne: [00:27:30] Lets discuss a bit of the difference around that. Paraphrasing refers the process of taking some language and reworking it in your own words but still capturing the same theme. You really want to make sure that you are not plagiarizing when you do this because it can be really tempting especially if somethings written very eloquently and you dont feel that you can do it justice. You may be tempted to copy it and think that no one will notice. That is not the case because we have programs now, which can track where theres whether things have been plagiarized, or not. So it is likely that when your prof runs something through the plagiarism checker and it comes up as plagiarized then you could be docked for that. So make sure when youre paraphrasing really break down the concepts in the same way that you did in the initial question really breaks down the concepts in that paragraph. Cath Anne: [00:28:34] If you think its a really strong paragraph that you want to include in your essay then certainly use it but you have to put it in your own words so make sure youre going through underlining highlighting circling and then reworking it in your own words. Theres no shame in using a thesaurus or a dictionary to flesh out and figure out new words to use that capture the same essence. Cath Anne: [00:29:01] Then I wanted to differentiate between paraphrasing and summarizing. Paraphrasing is where youre taking something and putting it into your own words, whereas summarizing is you are regurgitating the same information just in different words. So theyre very similar. Summarizing is kind of getting more to the crux of the theme of something, while paraphrasing is youre almost saying word for word what it is just in different language. Yes. Cath Anne: [00:29:50] So make sure that when you do quote some thing, and there are times when you can use quotations. Sometimes profs will you will want you to do that particularly in literature courses or English courses theyll want you to cite directly from the work. So there will be times when you will have to rely on direct quotations. It wont be plagiarism as long as you cite it properly so make sure youre going back to your citation guides. Make sure youre putting your in text citations into your essay and what that means is just putting a citation right beside where your quotation is and making sure that youre indicating that that is not your words. That is the words of whoever wrote the essay. Then include that citation within your works cited or your references at the end of your essay. Cath Anne: [00:30:54] Universities take plagiarism very seriously. You could end up either failing a class or even getting expelled from the program if you are caught plagiarizing. That is something that we take seriously at homework help as well, just making sure that we are offering the highest quality of writing and not plagiarizing at all. All of our stuff is run through plagiarism checkers as well. It is really important that we are all using our own words to communicate in an academic form. Cath Anne: [00:31:37] So that is actually all the information I have for you guys this week. Cath Anne: [00:36:50] This weeks session was a little bit short and sweet. I know everyones super busy. You guys are doing great. Im so happy that this semester is winding down and I know that you can get through this next little while with the same vigor that you gave the rest of the year long. Then you get a nice break for the holiday. So this is Cath Anne signing off with Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. Cath Anne: [00:37:21] If you guys want to access us we are on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Google Plus, YouTube, Medium. Now we are also on SoundCloud Anchor, iTunes Apple Podcast and Google Play Music. So just search Homework Help Global and you will be able to find us. [00:37:45] Otherwise jump back on with me next week at 7:00 PM Eastern Standard Time on Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. We will probably be talking more academic content next week. If you have any questions leave them on Instagram and our DMs. You can leave them on Facebook in the comments. You can leave them in on our YouTube channel or even tweet us on Twitter. You can use #askHHG and we will get them. Well respond to them and include them in our next session. So thank you guys so much for joining me. I hope that was helpful and good luck with all your essay writing. Have a good week! EP 09 Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing EP 09: Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing EP 09: Essay Writing Hacks, Essay Outlines, Writing in Stages Editing Welcome to Episode 9 of The Homework Help Show! Last week, we investigated the core of what makes a good essay and how to get there. We discussed how to properly read over your assignment instructions and marking rubric, creating a framework, thesis statement, forming your key arguments, the importance of editing, and more! The Homework Help Show is our brand new show where we will teach, assist, and offer valuable insights on different topics related to students academic and personal lives. Want your questions answered? Ask your questions on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] It is a super busy time of year so I know that people are probably a little bit backed up on work. I know that Im definitely feeling the heat and even people who arent in the world of academia are definitely feeling like its a busy time of year. Christmas time and the holiday season always seems to add that extra level of pressure and sometimes anxiety. But also theres a lot of good things that go along with the season as well because you know you have the opportunity to take a vacation during the holidays. Thats great too. Im actually just going to move my Instagram over a little bit so I can look at both cameras at the same time and Im going to jump into the content. Cath Anne: [00:00:54] This week we are going to talk about how to write an effective essay. We did talk about how to formulate an appropriate thesis statement. We talked about how to do really great research. This week I wanted to discuss some tips around how to write a really effective essay. I was hoping to be able to show you my screen so we can do a few exercises but I dont think that I have quite figured that out. We might have to not do that this week unfortunately. Cath Anne: [00:01:33] Welcome back to this weeks Livestream of the Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. This week were jumping back into some more academic content which is fun and Im going to be giving you some exclusive tips on how to make your essays the best essays that you could ever write. Cath Anne: [00:01:51] We want to get you an A+. OK. Cath Anne: [00:01:53] My cat is just jumping up on my lap here so Im just going to move him just give me one moment. My apologies for that. That sometimes happens I forget to put him away when Im in mid prepping for the for the stream. So hes away now. Otherwise he would just be bugging me the whole time. Hes sweet but I wouldnt be able to concentrate a few jumping up on me. Cath Anne: [00:02:32] Homework Help Global, we are a custom essay writing organization and we do help with editing and resume writing as well. Of course we want to give you the best value around how to write an essay and we want you to get good grades as well. So lets jump in and get into some of the good stuff that I have prepared. Cath Anne: [00:02:58] One of the first things you want to do when youre beginning to write an essay is make sure you understand the topic and the question thats being asked. This is where I wanted to get into some questions, which I did type up and we will go over them. But when youre doing an essay you want to take the essay prompt and kind of deconstruct it. So I like to go through an essay question and you can even print it off on a piece of paper. I know that we should be saving the trees so if you want to do this on your laptop that can be great too or you can write it out in a little notebook. I just find that it helps to have it in a physical copy so you can go through and actually underline things. Of course if you are doing an essay question during an exam certainly you will have that on a piece of paper as well so youll be able to do this. I have found it most effective during an exam to do that because it really deconstructing the essay question really helps to kind of fra me what youre going to write. Cath Anne: [00:04:24] Basically here is one essay question. So it begins: Critically analyze the key concepts of working cross culturally, specifically in regards to effective communication and the impact on your work practice. Cath Anne: [00:04:40] I wanted to use that as an example. So if we had this question, how would we break it down? The question begins: Critically analyze the key concepts of working cross culturally. That is the first line. So it begins with critically analyze. When youre talking about being critical you want to identify and discuss both the positive and negatives of an issue. So when Im looking at this question Im going underline [the word] critically. Analyze it means that youre also going to bring in some kind of analysis and argument to the question. Cath Anne: [00:05:21] Ill underline that or circle it [analyze] just so that I know that thats the crux of my paper. That is an essential component of the question because [it indicates] that the prof is obviously looking for some specific terms. So youre going to know that when they say these key concepts or key words that is a really important line to make note of. Cath Anne: [00:05:48] (To Instagram Viewer): Hi, Coach Kaur. I see that you joined us on Instagram. Thank you. Hope youre having a good week. Cath Anne: [00:06:02] To keep going with the question. The key concepts of working cross culturally, so youll probably underline cross culturally and maybe circle working because thats not quite as important. Youre going to want to underline key concepts and cross culturally because those are the key components of the question. Then specifically in regards to effective communication and the impact on your work practice so effective communication, that is one component of the question and you going to relate it to your own work practice. What that implies is that there will be a level of reflection embedded into your response in the paper. Cath Anne: [00:06:51] As mentioned, youre going through the process of trying to write an essay youll want to print that off or type it up in a Word document or write it out in a book and go through and physically underlying these components. This will give you a sense of what youre looking for when you are writing your essay. I just wanted to go over so there are different ways that a prof might indicate something to you in terms of what they want out of the essay. Cath Anne: [00:07:23] If they ask you to describe or summarize that basically just means to give the facts. The process or the event you want to describe the components of whatever they want you to describe. If theyre asking you to explain they want you to analyze something not simply describe or summarize it. Youre going to write you want to write it in a specific order. If theyre asking you to argue something youre going to systematically report or reject point. If they want you to discuss that theyre asking you to present a point of view. If theyre asking you to critique theyre asking you to identify and discuss both positive and negative aspects of an issue. Compare and contrast asks you do find similarities and differences between two issues or topics. Those are all the ways that a professor might frame an essay question. Cath Anne: [00:08:27] (To Instagram Viewer): Hi, The Neighbourly Consultant. Nice to see you. I see someone else joining us. Ira, I dont want to pronounce that name wrong, but its nice that you joined us as well. Cath Anne: [00:08:43] Were talking about how to write a great essay question and the first kind that I wanted to talk about is when you get the essay question how to kind of break it down and frame it out for yourself. Okay so moving on from there. From there once you have broken down the essay question youre going to want to go through your course notes and then even do a quick Google search. Cath Anne: [00:09:22] I know a prof would probably not be happy with me for saying this but sometimes when you want to get a good overall sense of the topic if you dont already know about it can be good to use Wikipedia just for your own reading because Wikipedia includes a lot of really good open source information. Please dont rely on that for an academic resource; thats just for your use in order to give an overview and a sense of what youre going to be writing about. Just do a little bit of brief research. Go over your content that youve acquired in class and then make sure that you have a really good grasp at the topic before you move on to the next question. Make sure youre using your sticky notes, you are using your highlighters, and youre really taking some time to figure out what that question means. Cath Anne: [00:10:24] The second component of writing a really good essay is taking the time to create a framework around your work. This will give you guidance on how to structure the essay. One of the most basic and helpful ways to structure an essay is to use the five-paragraph structure. It is really important to structure at your essay because this gives it a logical flow. Because the five-paragraph essay format is so common your professors or your reader will know what to expect. If anyone hasnt heard of the five-paragraph essay Im going to go through it a little bit more in-depth. Basically it is: an introduction, three body paragraphs, and then a conclusion. There are tons of templates that you can use if youre a type of person that likes to use a template. Cath Anne: [00:11:22] Take out a piece of paper and write down your topic and your research question or your thesis. Then writer your three body paragraphs and your conclusion. By doing this it gives you a bit of an outline to work with. The really best way to begin your essay is to write down your topic at the beginning of your page. Then you can work on figuring out what to include in your introduction. Use three body paragraphs and conclusion, which equals a standard five paragraph essay. Now, there are some people who might write have their topic and then write their body paragraphs but then write their introduction and conclusion to at the end because then it kind of summarizes everything. But when youre just starting out if youre an undergraduate student and you havent written many essays, the five-paragraph essay can give you a really strong basis. I would recommend writing your introduction first because it provides kind of a basis for you to go back to. In order to summarize everything and make sure that youre on the right track and that youre keeping focused. Cath Anne: [00:12:41] Then youre going to want to start planning each of your paragraphs. The introduction should open the discussion, introduce your argument, and indicate your response to the question. Remember that question that we talked about at the beginning youre going to make sure that in your introduction you are responding to that question. You will be formulating a thesis statement or research question around whatever the essay prompt indicates. Cath Anne: [00:13:15] You also want to make sure that your intro has a good hook. Even though academic writing can be a little bit dry maybe and somewhat professional, you dont want it to be boring. You want your reader to want to read your essay. You dont want them to just kind of toss it aside. What the hook means is that its going to hook your reader and so its going to make them engaged and interested. So you want to make sure that youre giving a good argument. Youre going to want to make your reader ask: Who cares about what you have to say. So like I said in Week 3 of The Learning Studio we talked about how to write a thesis statement. So if youre interested in accessing that session well put a link. Ill put a link in the comments below and you guys can take a look at how to write an effective thesis statement and some tips that I offered around that. Cath Anne: [00:14:24] Your argument is the most important part of your paper because it holds everything together. You can think about it kind of like the backbone of your essay. When youre making your argument youre going to want to make sure that its very strong so that you can fall back on that argument. Youll refer back to it several times throughout the paper. Youll be making reference to it in your body paragraphs as well. So you really want to make sure that it comes across strongly. Cath Anne: [00:15:09] In your introduction youre going to want to introduce your topic, introduce your thesis statement, and then you will want to discuss three points that youll be mentioning in each one of your body paragraphs. Keep in mind that you want your reader to know what to expect when they are reading your paper. In the introduction it can be really helpful to introduce the various points that youre going to be discussing and then tie them back into your argument. It also gives you something to fall back on when youre reading your essay. Each point that you make in your introduction will in turn correlate with each body paragraph throughout the essay. Once you move onto your body paragraphs youre going to want to make sure that each of your body paragraphs refers back to the introduction and each of the points that you made in your introduction. So make sure that you connect those dots although that seems kind of obvious. It can be challenging sometimes when youre in the m idst of writing an essay especially if youre doing it very quickly and within a time crunch to kind of forget and lose your way because you want to finish it. Cath Anne: [00:16:41] Thats why it can be really good to start with a strong introduction and introduce those body paragraphs and make sure that each body paragraph is referring back to the introduction. In each body paragraph youre going to use references and data that youve retrieved to kind of flush out those pieces of information. Youre going to use supporting evidence to connect it back to your argument that youre making, the one you introduced and your initial paragraph. Cath Anne: [00:17:16] Then in your conclusion that is where youre going to bring everything together and summarize everything. I wanted to make the point that in your conclusion youre not introducing any new information you are basically just summarizing everything that you already just talked about. Its really important that you dont bring up anything new you dont draw on any new theories or anything like that. Youre basically summarizing your argument and then summarizing all the body paragraphs and linking them back to the argument, that is your conclusion. So, thats basically the structure of a five-paragraph essay. Cath Anne: [00:18:01] The next portion that I wanted to discuss is to write in stages. Once youve completed the plan for your paper you can begin with the first draft. So the plan is basically your outline. Youve broken everything down into your introduction. You know what your argument is. You understand each body paragraph and what points you are going to make in your body paragraph and then your conclusion. Once you have completed that outline, then you can begin writing your essay. At that point youre just going to want to let your ideas flow. It can be really easy when youre writing to get stuck and get a little bit of writers block. But at this point rely on your outline and just let the ideas flow. Get them down on paper especially if you have a high word count. Cath Anne: [00:19:02] Youre not going to want to hold yourself back because in this if youre giving yourself enough time youre going to have lots of time to edit. Let the ideas flow, access all the research you can. Incorporate all your resources and just kind of go from there. Lean on your outline. Thats why its important to use an outline. Cath Anne: [00:19:32] It is also important to be mindful of when youre writing not to rely on the words I or me especially in academic writing. Now there are times where the prof will suggest that you are able to use the I or me. However, that would be in a reflective paper. I used to write a lot of those kind of reflective papers in social work school. We were allowed by the prof to use I or me. In general academia you dont use I or me in your writing. Its best to write in third person and not first person. So just make sure that youre writing in stages giving yourself time to edit and relying on your outline. Cath Anne: [00:20:32] Moving on to editing. Many of us do not give ourselves enough time to edit. A lot of students do not edit their work. You know I have to be honest I sometimes was a procrastinator. I was pretty good. Like I usually had time to overview my essay a couple of times before I passed it in. Even if you are an incredibly amazing writer youre still going to need to edit because youre going to make mistakes. Its just the nature of human beings. We all make mistakes so we all have to edit. Make sure that youre giving yourself a lot of time to edit and proofread. And again I know that it is best to save paper if we can, but in this case it can be really helpful to actually print off your essay and do the same thing that you did with the initial essay question just go through and highlight things, underline things, cross things out, and then you can go back onto your computer and type up and insert all of the edits that you made. Cath Anne: [00:21:48] I know that a lot of people rely on the computer these days running spell checks. I am guilty of that for sure. Those programs can be really helpful. There is one called Grammarly and it helps in correcting grammar. Its really helpful but really getting in the practice of actually physically editing your work on your own is effective. So I would recommend getting into that habit. When you edit youre looking for spelling issues, grammar issues, and making sure that the essay flows overall and its succinctly focused on your topic. If youre going off the rails a little bit you want to make sure that you kind of rephrase things in order to bring it back to the topic. You want to at least spend 15 minutes proofreading your essay. If youre not a procrastinator, its going to be really easy and beneficial for you to go back and edit your essay. So make sure that youre doing that. You can definitely, even if you take the time to do it for 15 minutes or even half an hour. You can you can potentially raise your grade by 5 percent which could be almost the letter grade or half a letter grade. So its important to take some time to edit. Cath Anne: [00:23:22] Another component of essay writing which is essential is to make sure that youre conscious of all of the components that go into essay writing. The prof will usually, when theyre giving you an outline for an essay, they will put all of their requirements in the description of the assignment. Make sure that youre paying attention to those. Dont only pay attention to the essay question and then just start writing. Sometimes professors can dock marks if you fail to adhere to their requirements. What Im talking about is making sure that youre using the correct reference style whether its MLA or APA or Chicago format. Make sure that youre using the one that is appropriate for the discipline that youre writing for and usually your prof will make note of that on the assignment template. The second piece is to make sure that along with that include in text citations and that they are all in the correct format as well. Cath Anne: [00:24:41] Then make certain that youre using the correct format for your title page. For APA format youll want to have a running header at the beginning up at the top and on each page and youre going to have page numbers on each one. Youll have a title page with the title and your name and the institution and the profs name. In MLA format its a bit different. You put all the information up in the top left corner. You put a page number up to the right, with your last name beside it. Make sure that you access Owl Purdue, which has the breakdown of the various referencing formats. Make sure that youre accessing those sites. Where youre able to see the appropriate format for that discipline and for what your prof is asking you to do. Cath Anne: [00:25:48] Another thing that you want to check for is that you have the right word count. Make sure that when youre when youve finished your essay that youre meeting the required word count or required page count depending on what your professor is asking you to do. Also be conscious that youre not counting words that are in your title page or your references in your word count or your page count because usually those dont count. There may be the very rare time where a professor might say that counts as your word count but Ive never really seen it. Make sure that youre only counting the body of your work in the word count. Cath Anne: [00:26:34] Another tip is if you can and this is something that I used to really have a problem with when I was in my undergrad because I wrote a lot of English papers and I wasnt really good at paraphrasing things so I really had trouble kind of taking the information that I read and then paraphrasing it to put it into an essay. I would often rely on block quotations. Id have a paragraph introduction, and then Id have four or five lines of an indented block quotation and then another paragraph and then in another block quotation. What happens is that the prof doesnt recognize if you are really grasping the concepts because youre relying only on quotations to make your argument. So make sure that you develop the skill of being able to paraphrase and summarize. Cath Anne: [00:27:30] Lets discuss a bit of the difference around that. Paraphrasing refers the process of taking some language and reworking it in your own words but still capturing the same theme. You really want to make sure that you are not plagiarizing when you do this because it can be really tempting especially if somethings written very eloquently and you dont feel that you can do it justice. You may be tempted to copy it and think that no one will notice. That is not the case because we have programs now, which can track where theres whether things have been plagiarized, or not. So it is likely that when your prof runs something through the plagiarism checker and it comes up as plagiarized then you could be docked for that. So make sure when youre paraphrasing really break down the concepts in the same way that you did in the initial question really breaks down the concepts in that paragraph. Cath Anne: [00:28:34] If you think its a really strong paragraph that you want to include in your essay then certainly use it but you have to put it in your own words so make sure youre going through underlining highlighting circling and then reworking it in your own words. Theres no shame in using a thesaurus or a dictionary to flesh out and figure out new words to use that capture the same essence. Cath Anne: [00:29:01] Then I wanted to differentiate between paraphrasing and summarizing. Paraphrasing is where youre taking something and putting it into your own words, whereas summarizing is you are regurgitating the same information just in different words. So theyre very similar. Summarizing is kind of getting more to the crux of the theme of something, while paraphrasing is youre almost saying word for word what it is just in different language. Yes. Cath Anne: [00:29:50] So make sure that when you do quote some thing, and there are times when you can use quotations. Sometimes profs will you will want you to do that particularly in literature courses or English courses theyll want you to cite directly from the work. So there will be times when you will have to rely on direct quotations. It wont be plagiarism as long as you cite it properly so make sure youre going back to your citation guides. Make sure youre putting your in text citations into your essay and what that means is just putting a citation right beside where your quotation is and making sure that youre indicating that that is not your words. That is the words of whoever wrote the essay. Then include that citation within your works cited or your references at the end of your essay. Cath Anne: [00:30:54] Universities take plagiarism very seriously. You could end up either failing a class or even getting expelled from the program if you are caught plagiarizing. That is something that we take seriously at homework help as well, just making sure that we are offering the highest quality of writing and not plagiarizing at all. All of our stuff is run through plagiarism checkers as well. It is really important that we are all using our own words to communicate in an academic form. Cath Anne: [00:31:37] So that is actually all the information I have for you guys this week. Cath Anne: [00:36:50] This weeks session was a little bit short and sweet. I know everyones super busy. You guys are doing great. Im so happy that this semester is winding down and I know that you can get through this next little while with the same vigor that you gave the rest of the year long. Then you get a nice break for the holiday. So this is Cath Anne signing off with Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. Cath Anne: [00:37:21] If you guys want to access us we are on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Google Plus, YouTube, Medium. Now we are also on SoundCloud Anchor, iTunes Apple Podcast and Google Play Music. So just search Homework Help Global and you will be able to find us. [00:37:45] Otherwise jump back on with me next week at 7:00 PM Eastern Standard Time on Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. We will probably be talking more academic content next week. If you have any questions leave them on Instagram and our DMs. You can leave them on Facebook in the comments. You can leave them in on our YouTube channel or even tweet us on Twitter. You can use #askHHG and we will get them. Well respond to them and include them in our next session. So thank you guys so much for joining me. I hope that was helpful and good luck with all your essay writing. Have a good week!

Case Study A Tale Of Two Classes - 1110 Words

Case Study One: A Tale of Two Classes Ebony, a university student, finds herself in two classes, each with their own unique atmosphere. Interpersonal Communication comes first and is taught by Professor Gardner, who has been teaching for 20 years. Organizational Communication is her second class, taught by Professor Morgan, who is younger than Professor Gardner. Each professor has a different style of teaching and opinion on how students learn most efficiently. Professor Gardner sets out his expectations, rules of conduct, and strict no-technology policy on the first day of class; he values structure and consistency for his students. Professor Morgan does not present rules for her class; she does not mind if students come in late or leave early, and appreciates the use of technology for the purpose of adapting the learning environment for each student. Professor Morgan values freedom and self-responsibility for her students. Ebony loves Interpersonal Communication, and notices that t he students, when provided with structure, tend to thrive, communicate freely, and connect with other students right away. There is a lot of laughter involved, and most everyone knows each other’s names. In Organizational Communication, however, Ebony feels lost and out of touch with the path of the class. She finds that the spontaneity of Professor Morgan is more confusing than helpful; Ebony senses the disconnect between students, as most of them do not know each other’s names. ProfessorShow MoreRelatedThe Massacre Of Cats1010 Words   |  5 Pages By utilizing classic folk tales and various case studies: police files, intellectuals, bourgeois, and most interestingly, the massacre of cats, Darnton attempts to tell a cultural history of pre-Revolution France. 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Effects Of Recession And The Financial Crisis - 1263 Words

The Effects of the Recession and the Financial Crisis in Spain Crises are unavoidable phenomenon that appear at a certain time in different regions. These might affect a country s economy quite devastatingly, or might disappear rapidly without serious outcomes. Spain, in 2008 was highly affected by a crisis that lasted for several years, changing the economy of the country significantly. At the point when the worldwide emergency struck in 2008, Spain was going by the Socialist legislature of Prime Minister Josà © Luis Rodrà ­guez Zapatero. Not at all like Greece, it was not an incessant over-high-roller. Its obligation was simply 36% of its GDP in 2007, about a large portion of the obligation weight of the U.S. furthermore Germany at the time. 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Unknown Free Essays

Life is an experience that comes along with failure. Have you ever had the feeling like you haven’t done your best at something or the feeling that you’re disappointing the people you care about most? Well Eve had that feeling multiple times especially in middle school. In middle school Eve experience lots of failure; failure with friendships, relationships, and rejection. We will write a custom essay sample on Unknown or any similar topic only for you Order Now Failure to me is being unhappy with yourself and not doing what you believe in. My 8th grade year in middle school was a earning experience that came along with lots of failure. The beginning of 8th grade was the easiest part of middle school because there was no drama and less friends. As time went by I gained more friends and more pressure was put on my shoulders. I learned a lot about friendships and the meaning of them. Losing the friends that meant the most to me is one of my failures and something that was challenging. Friendships from the past have a huge impact on the friendships that Eve made today. In middle school I was always open to meeting new people and starting new reined friendships with anyone but now I realize that I can’t do that without getting to know the person first. During my years in high school Eve been more selective with how I choose my friends. Eve learned that in order to trust someone in full and to consider them a good friend, I would have to get to know that person first. Throughout my high school experience Eve gained many friends and learned to trust them. Whenever I had a problem, I would turn to them for advice. Their advice always helped me through my problems and anything else I needed. Throughout my experience in high school and middle school, Eve learned a lot about friendship and values. Eve been making better decisions for myself and how I have been choosing my friends. How I chose my friends will help me in college because Eve had experience with good friends and bad friends. My experience with friends at school is teaching me so much about life. Middle school and high school has helped me with better decision making when choosing friends. I will use this decision making in college to help me build new friendships. How to cite Unknown, Papers Unknown Free Essays B. Sc. (H) Computer Science 3-YEAR FULL TIME PROGRAMME RULES, REGULATIONS AND COURSES CONTENTS DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE FACULTY OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF DELHI DELHI – 110007 2010 Semester Systems at the undergraduate level Course of Study: B. We will write a custom essay sample on Unknown or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sc. (H) Computer Semester – I CSHT-101 Programming Fundamentals CSHT-102 Discrete Structures Digital Electronics Calculus and Matrices CSHT-203 Data Structures Semester – II CSHT-204 computer Systems Architecture English Calculus and Geometry using C++ Semeser – III CSHT-305 Algorithms CSHT-306 Systems Programmin g CSHT-307 File Structures and Database Basic Probability and Statistics Semester – IV CSHT-408 Operating Systems CSHT-409 Data Communica tion and Computer CSHT-410 Software Engineering Real Analysis / Differential Equations Semester – V CSHT-511 Theory of Computations CSHT-512 Microproces sors CSHT-513 Internet Technologie s Optimization I/ Real Analysis/To be decided by the student Semeser – VI CSHT-614 Computer Graphics CSHT-615 Information Security CSHT-616 Electives Statistical Methodology/ DE/To be decided by the student Electives: 1. Software Testing 2. Artificial Intelligence 3. Network Programming and Administration 4. Data Mining 5. Combinatorial Optimizations Proposed Structure and Syllabi for B. Sc. (H) Computer Science – July 2010 Semester I Coding Title L–T–P Credits Total Marks 100 Pre-requisites CSHT-101 Programming Fundamentals using C++ Discrete Structures Digital Electronics Calculus and Matrices Software Lab based on 101 Lab based on Digital Electronics 5 – 0-0 5 – CSHT-102 ** ** CSHP-101 5 – 0-0 5 100 – 0-0-8 4 100 Semester II Coding Title L–T–P Credits Total Marks 100 100 Pre-requisites CSHT-203 CSHT-204 ** ** CSHP-202 CSHP-203 Data Structures Computer Systems Architecture EL – II (Language) Calculus and Geometry Software Lab based on 203 Lab based on 204 5 – 0-0 5 –0-0 5 5 101 0-0-8 0-0-4 4 2 100 50 Semester III Coding Title L–T–P Credits Total Marks 100 100 Pre-requisites CSHT-305 CSHT-306 Algorithms Systems Programming 5-0-0 5 – 0 -0 5 5 101,203 101, 203 CSHT-307 ** CSHP-304 CSHP-305 CSHP- 306 Database Systems Basic Statistics and Probability Software Lab based on 305 Software Lab based on 306 Software Lab based on 307 5–0-0 5 100 101, 203 0-0-4 0-0-4 0-0-4 2 2 2 50 50 50 Semester IV Coding Title L–T–P Credits Total Marks 100 100 Pre-requisites CSHT-408 CSHT-409 Operating Systems Data Communication and Computer Networks Software Engineering Real Analysis/ Differential Equations Software Lab based on 408 Software Lab based on 409 Software Lab based on 410 5 – 0-0 5 – 0-0 5 5 101, 203 CSHT-410 ** 5 – 0-0 5 100 101, 203 – CSHP-407 CSHP-408 CSHP-409 0-0-4 0-0-4 0-0-4 2 2 2 50 50 50 Semester V Coding Title L–T–P Credits Total Marks 100 100 100 Pre-requisites CSHT-511 CSHT-512 CSHT-513 ** CSHP-510 Theory of Computations Microprocessors Internet Technologies Optimization I/Real Analysis/* Software Lab based on 512 5 – 0– 0 5–0-0 5–0-0 5 5 5 01 204 409 0-0-4 2 50 CSHP-511 Lab based on 513 0-0-4 2 50 Semester VI Coding Title L–T–P Credits Total Marks 100 100 100 Pre-requisites CSHT-614 CSHT-615 CSHT-616 ** Computer Graphics Information Security Elective Differential Equations/ Statistical Methodology/* Software Lab based on 614 Softwar e Lab based on 615 Software Lab based on 616 5-0-0 5-0-0 5-0-0 5 5 5 – CSHP-612 CSHP-613 CSHP-614 0-0-4 0-0-4 0-0-4 2 2 2 50 50 50 †¢ To be decided by the student from any discipline * * Will be finalized after the syllabi by the respective departments (Electronics / Mathematics / Statistics / English) are made. CSHT-101 Programming Fundamentals (60 Lectures) Basic Computer Organization: Functional Units, basic I/O devices and storage devices; Representation of integers, real (fixed and floating point), characters (ASCII and Unicode); Basic operations of a programming environment. Problem Solving Approaches: Notion of an algorithm, problem solving using top-down design and decomposition into sub-problems, stepwise methodology of developing an algorithm, methodology of developing an algorithmic solution from a mathematical specification of the problem, use of recursion for problems with inductive characterization. Programming using C++: basic data types; constants and variables, arithmetic and logical expressions, assignment; input-output interface; control structures in conditionals, loops; procedural abstractions; strings and arrays; command line arguments; file handling; error handling. Introduction to the object-oriented programming paradigms; data abstraction and encapsulation — objects and classes; inheritance; polymorphism; Recommended Books: 1. B. A. Forouzan and R. F. Gilberg, Computer Science, A structured Approach using C++, Cengage Learning, 2004. 2. R. G. Dromey, How to solve it by Computer, Pearson Education 1982 3. E. Balaguruswamy, Object Oriented Programming with C++ , 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill 1997 4. G. J. Bronson, A First Book of C++ From Here to There, 3rd Edition, Cengage Learning 2005. 5. G. Seed, An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming in C++, with applications in Computer Graphics Springer 2nd Edition 2001. CSHT 102 Discrete Structures (60 Lectures) Introduction: Sets – finite and Infinite sets, uncountably Infinite Sets; functions, relations, Properties of Binary Relations, Closure, Partial Ordering Relations; counting – Pigeonhole Principle, Permutation and Combination; Mathematical Induction, Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion. Growth of Functions: Asymptotic Notations, Summation formulas and properties, Bounding Summations, approximation by Integrals Recurrences: Recurrence Relations, generating functions, Linear Recurrence Relations with constant coefficients and their solution, Substitution Method, Recurrence Trees, Master Theorem Graph Theory: Basic Terminology, Models and Types, multigraphs and weighted graphs, Graph Representaion, Graph Isomorphism, Connectivity, Euler and Hamiltonian Paths and Circuits, Planar Graphs, Graph Coloring, Trees, Basic Terminology and properties of Trees, Introduction to Spanning Trees Prepositional Logic: Logical Connectives, Well-formed Formulas, Tautologies, Equivalences, Inference Theory Recommended Books: 1. C. L. Liu Mahopatra, Elements of Discrete mathematics, 2nd Sub Edition 1985, Tata McGraw Hill 2. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, Sixth Edition 2006 3. T. H. Coremen, C. E. Leiserson, R. L. Rivest, Introduction to algorithms, Prentice Hall on Ind ia (3rd edition 2009) 4. M. O. Albertson and J. P. Hutchinson, Discrete Mathematics with Algorithms 1988 Johnwiley Publication 5. J. L. Hein, Discrete Structures, Logic, and Computability, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 3rd Edition, 2009 6. D. J. Hunter, Essentials of Discrete Mathematics, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2008 Digital Electronics In consultation with Department of Electronics) Number System and Codes: Decimal, Binary, Hexadecimal, Octal, BCD, Conversions, Complements (1’s and 2’s), Signed and Unsigned numbers, Addition and Substraction, Multiplication Gray and Hamming Codes Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra: Truth Tables, OR, AND, NOT, EXOR, Universal (NOR and NAND) Gates, Boolean Theorems, DeMorgan’s Theorems. Combinational Logic Analysis and Design: Standard representation of logic functions (SOP and POS), Minimization Techniques(Karnaugh Map Method: 4,5 variables). Multiplexers(2:1,4:1)) and Demultiplexers (1:2,4:1), Adder (half and full) and the ir use as substractor, Encoder (8-line-to-3-line) and Decoder (3-line-to-8-line) , Code Converters( Binary to BCD and vice versa). Sequential logic design: Latch, Flip flop, S-R FF , J-K FF, T and D type FFs, Clocked FFs, Registers, Counters (ripple, synchronous and asynchronous, ring, modulus), State Table, State Diagrams and Sequential Machines. A/D and D/A Converters: Successive Approximation ADC, R/2R Ladder DAC. Memories: General Memory Operation, ROM, RAM (Static and Dynamic), PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, EAROM. Suggested Books: 1. Digital Electronics, Principles and Applications, R. L. Tokheim, Tata McGraw-Hill. 2. Digital Principles, R. L. Tokheim, Schaum’s Outline Series, Tata McGraw-Hill. 3. Digital Systems, Principles and Applications, R. J. Tocci and N. S. Widner, Pearson Education Asia. 4. Digital Principles and Applications, A. P. Malvino and D. Leach, Tata McGraw Hill. 5. Digital Design, M. M. Mano, Pearson Education Asia. 6. Digital Fundamentals, T. L. Floyd, Pearson Education Asia. 7. Solved Problems in Digital Electronics, S. P. Bali, Sigma Series, Tata McGraw-Hill. 8. Digital Electronics, W. H. Gothmann, Prentice Hall of India. 9. Modern Digital Electronics, R. P. Jain, Tata McGraw-Hill. CSHT 203 Data Structures (60 Lectures) Introduction: Abstract Data Types, Arrays- Single and Multidimensional arrays, Sparse matrices. Linear structures: Stacks, Queues (linear as well as circular implementation), singly-, doubly-, and circularly- linked lists — Operations and applications. Recursion: Problem solving using recursion, run time stack in recursion, tail recursion, and its removal. Searching techniques: Linear search, Binary search and their efficiency, Skip Lists, Hashing. Tree Structures: Trees, Binary Trees, Complete Binary trees and almost complete Binary trees, binary search trees, Insertion, Deletion, Tree traversal algorithms, Threaded trees (recursive as well as Non recursive), applications of trees. Multiway trees – B-Trees and introduction to B+ Trees. Recommended Books: 1. A. Drozdek, Data Structures and algorithm in C++, 3rd Edition, Course Technology 2004. 2. Data Structures using C and C++, Tannenbaum, 2nd edition ** 1995 3. Data Structures and Algorithms in C++. Publication John Wiley 2003 4. S. Sahni, Data Structures, Algorithms and applications in C++, Publication Silicon Press 2004 5. B. R. Preiss, Data structures and algorithms with object oriented design patterns in C++, John Wiley and sons, 1998. CSHT 204 Computer System Architecture (60 Lectures) Basic Computer Organization and Design: Computer registers, bus system, instruction set, timing and control, instruction cycle, memory reference, input-output and interrupt, Interconnection Structures, Bus Interconnection design of basic computer. Central Processing Unit: Register organization, arithmetic and logical micro-operations, stack organization, micro programmed control. Instruction formats, addressing modes, instruction codes, machine language, assembly language, input output programming, RISC, CISC architectures, pipelining and parallel architecture. Memory Organization: Cache memory, Associative memory, mapping. Input-output Organization: Input / Output: External Devices, I/O Modules, Programmed I/O, Interrupt-Driven I/O, Direct Memory Access, I/O Channels Recommended Books: 1. M. Mano, Computer System Architecture, Prentice Hall of India Third edition / Pearson Education 1992. 2. A. J. Dos Reis, Assembly language and computer architecture using C++ and JAVA, Course Technology, 2004. 3. W. Stallings, Computer Organization and Architecture Desiguing for Performance 8th Edition 2009, Prentice Hall of India. CSHT 305 Algorithms (60 Lectures) Introduction: Basic Design and Analysis techniques of Algorithms, Correctness of Algorithm. Algorithm Design Techniques: Iterative techniques, Divide and Conquer, Dynamic Programming, Greedy Algorithms. Sorting and Searching Techniques: Elementary sorting techniques – Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Merge Sort, Advanced Sorting techniques – Heap Sort, Quick Sort, Sorting in Linear Time Bucket Sort, Radix Sort and Count Sort, Searching Techniques, Medians Order Statistics, complexity analysis; Lower Bounding Techniques: Decision Trees Balanced Trees – Red-Black Trees Advanced Analysis Technique: Amortized analysis Graphs: Graph Algorithms – Breadth First Search, Depth First Search and its Applications, Minimum Spanning Trees. String Processing: String Matching, KMP Technique Recommended Books: 1. T. H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein Introduction to Algorithms, PHI, 3rd Edition 2009 2. Sarabasse A. V. Gelder Computer Algorithm – Introduction to Design and Analysis, Publisher – Pearson 3rd Edition 1999 CSHT 306 Systems Programming (60 Lectures) Introduction: Introduction to Systems Software and machine architecture. Assemblers: Example of an assembly language, programming in assembly language, assembler features and functions, Load and Go assembler, One-pass and two pass assemblers, Macros and macro processors. Compilers: Compiler functions and features, phases of compilation, optimization. Loaders and Linkers: Basic Loader functions and features, Relocation, Program Linking, static and dynamic linking. Recommended Books: 1. A. J. Dos Reis, Assembly language and computer architecture using C++ and JAVA, Course Technology, 2004 2. D. M. Dhamdhere Systems Programming and Operating Systems, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Ltd; Second Revised Edition 1996 3. L. Beck, D. Manjula, System Software, An Introduction to Systems Programming, Pearson, 3rd Edition 1996. 4. S. Chattopadhyay, Systems Software, PHI 2007. CSHT 307 Database Systems (60 Lectures) Introduction: Characteristics of database approach, data models, database system architecture and data independence. Entity Relationship(ER) Modeling: Entity types, relationships, constraints. Relation data model: Relational model concepts, relational constraints, relational algebra, SQL queries, programming using embedded SQL. Database design: mapping ER model to relational database, functional dependencies, normal forms. Transaction Processing: ACID properties, concurrency control, recovery. Web based databases: XML documents and databases. Books Recommended: 1. R. Elmasri, S. B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems 6th Edition, Pearson Education 2010. 2. R. Ramakrishanan, J. Gehrke, Database Management Systems 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill 2002. 3. A. Silberschatz, H. F. Korth, S. Sudarshan, Database System Concepts 6th Edition, McGraw Hill 2010. CSHT 408 Operating Systems (60 Lectures) Introduction: Basic OS functions, resource abstraction, types of operating systems – multiprogramming systems, batch systems , time sharing systems; operating systems for personal computers workstations, process control real time systems. Operating System Organization: processor and user modes, kernels, system calls and system programs. Process Management: System view of the process and resources, process abstraction, process hierarchy, threads, threading issues, thread libraries; Process Scheduling, non-pre-emptive and pre-emptive scheduling algorithms; concurrent and processes, critical section, semaphores, methods for inter-process communication; deadlocks. Memory Management: Physical and virtual address space; memory allocation strategies -fixed and variable partitions, paging, segmentation, virtual memory File and I/O Management: Directory structure, file operations, file allocation methods, device management. Protection and Security: Policy mechanism, authentication, internal access authorization. Recommended Books: 1. A Silberschatz, P. B. Galvin, G. Gagne, Operating Systems Concepts, 8th Edition, John Wiley Publications 2008. 2. A. S. Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education 2007. 3. G. Nutt, Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, 2nd Edition Pearson Education 1997. 4. W. Stallings, Operating Systems, Internals Design Principles 2008 5th Edition, Prentice Hall of India. 5. M. Milenkovic, Operating Systems- Concepts and design, Tata McGraw Hill 1992. CSHT 409 Data Communication and Computer Networks (60 Lectures) Introduction to Computer Networks: Network definition; network topologies; network classifications; network protocol; layered network architecture; overview of OSI reference model; overview of TCP/IP protocol suite. Data Communication Fundamentals and Techniques: Analog and digital signal; data-rate limits; digital to digital line encoding schemes; pulse code modulation; parallel and serial transmission; digital to analog modulation-; multiplexing techniques- FDM, TDM; transmission media. Networks Switching Techniques and Access mechanisms: Circuit switching; packet switching- connectionless datagram switching, connection-oriented virtual circuit switching; dial-up modems; digital subscriber line; cable TV for data transfer. Data Link Layer Functions and Protocol: Error detection and error correction techniques; data-link control- framing and flow control; error recovery protocols- stop and wait ARQ, goback-n ARQ; Point to Point Protocol on Internet. Multiple Access Protocol and Networks: CSMA/CD protocols; Ethernet LANS; connecting LAN and back-bone networks- repeaters, hubs, switches, bridges, router and gateways; Networks Layer Functions and Protocols: routing; routing algorithms; network layer protocol of Internet- IP protocol, Internet control protocols. Transport Layer Functions and Protocols: Transport services- error and flow control, Connection establishment and release- three way handshake; Overview of Application layer protocol: Overview of DNS protocol; overview of WWW HTTP protocol. Recommended Books: 1. B. A. Forouzan: Data Communications and Networking, Fourth edition, THM Publishing Company Ltd 2007. 2. A. S. Tanenbaum: Computer Networks, Fourth edition, PHI Pvt. Ltd 2002. CSHT 410 Software Engineering (60 Lectures) Introduction: The Evolving Role of Software, Software Characteristics, Changing Nature of Software, Software Engineering as a Layered Technology, Software Process Framework, Framework and Umbrella Activities, Process Models, Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). Requirement Analysis: Software Requirement Analysis, Initiating Requirement Engineering Process, Requirement Analysis and Modeling Techniques, Flow Oriented Modeling, Need for SRS, Characteristics and Components of SRS. Software Project Management: Estimation in Project Planning Process, Project Scheduling. Risk Management: Software Risks, Risk Identification, Risk Projection and Risk Refinement, RMMM Plan. Quality Management: Quality Concepts, Software Quality Assurance, Software Reviews, Metrics for Process and Projects. Design Engineering: Design Concepts, Architectural Design Elements, Software Architecture, Data Design at the Architectural Level and Component Level, Mapping of Data Flow into Software Architecture, Modeling Component Level Design. Testing Strategies Tactics: Software Testing Fundamentals, Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, BlackBox Testing, White-Box Testing and their type, Basis Path Testing. Recommended Books: 1. R. S. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach (7th Edition), McGrawHill, 2009. 2. P. Jalote, An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering (2nd Edition), Narosa Publishing House, 2003. 3. K. K. Aggarwal and Y. Singh, Software Engineering (revised 2nd Edition), New Age International Publishers, 2008. 4. I. Sommerville, Software Engineering (8th edition), Addison Wesle, 2006. 5. D. Bell, Software Engineering for Students (4th Edition), Addison-Wesley, 2005. 6. R. Mall, Fundamentals of Software Engineering (2nd Edition), Prentice-Hall of India, 2004. CSHT 511 Theory of Computation (60 Lectures) Languages: Alphabets, string, language, Basic Operations on language, Concatenation, Kleene Star Finite Automata and Regular Languages: Regular Expressions, Transition Graphs, Deterministics and non-deterministic finite automata, NFA to DFA Conversion, Regular languages and their relationship with finite automata, Pumping lemma and closure properties of regular languages. Context free languages: Context free grammars, parse trees, ambiguities in grammars and languages, Pushdown automata (Deterministic and Non-deterministic), Pumping Lemma, Properties of context free languages, normal forms. Turing Macines and Models of Computations: RAM, Turing Machine as a model of computation, Universal Turing Machine, Language acceptability, decidability, halting problem, Recursively enumerable and recursive languages, unsolvability problems. Recommended Books: 1. Daniel I. A. Cohen, Introduction to computer theory – John Wiley (1996 2nd Edition). 2. Lewis Papadimitriou, Elements of the theory of computation – II Edition PHI 1997. 3. Hoperoft, Aho, Ullman, Introduction to Automata theory, Language Computation –3rd Edition 2006, Pearson Education. 4. P. Linz, An Introduction to Formal Language and Automata 4th edition Publication Jones Bartlett 2006 CSHT 512 Microprocessors (60 Lectures) Microprocessor architecture: Internal architecture, system bus architecture, memory and I/O interfaces. Microprocessor programming: Register Organization, instruction formats, assembly language programming. Interfacing: Memory address decoding, cache memory and cache controllers, I/O interface, keyboard, display, timer, interrupt controller, DMA controller, video controllers, communication interfaces. Recommended Books: 1. Barry B. Brey : The Intel Microprocessors : Architecture, Programming and Interfacing. Pearson Education, Sixth Edition. 2. Walter A Triebel, Avtar Singh; The 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors Programming, Interfacing, Software, Hardware, and Applications. PHI, Fourth Edition 2005. CSHT 513 Internet Technologies (60 Lectures) JavaScript: Data types, operators, functions, control structures, events and event handling. Java: Use of Objects, Array and ArrayList class , Designing classes, Inheritance, Input/Output, Exception Handling. JDBC: JDBC Fundamentals, Establishing Connectivity and working with connection interface, Working with statements, Creating and Executing SQL Statements, Working with Result Set Objects. JSP: Introduction to JavaServer Pages, HTTP and Servlet Basics, The Problem with Servlets, The Anatomy of a JSP Page, JSP Processing, JSP Application Design with MVC, Setting Up the JSP Environment, Implicit JSP Objects, Conditional Processing, Displaying Values, Using an expression to Set an Attribute, Declaring Variables and Methods, Error Handling and Debugging, Sharing Data Between JSP Pages, Requests, and Users, Database Access. Java Beans: Java Beans Fundamentals, JAR files, Introspection, Developing a simple Bean, Connecting to DB Recommended Books: 1. Web Enabled Commercial Application Development Using Html, Dhtml,javascript, Perl Cgi By Ivan Bayross, BPB Publications, 2009. 2. BIG Java Cay Horstmann, Wiley Publication , 3rd Edition. , 2009 3. Java 7 ,The Complete Reference, Herbert Schildt, 8th Edition, 2009. 4. The Complete Reference J2EE, TMH, Jim Keogh, 2002. 5. Java Server Pages, Hans Bergsten, Third Edition, O’Reilly Media December 2003. CSHT 614 Computer Graphics (60 Lectures) Introduction to Graphics systems, Basic elements of Computer graphics, Applications of computer graphics. Graphics Hardware: Architecture of Raster and Random scan display devices, input/output devices. Fundamental Techniques in Graphics: Raster scan line, circle and ellipse drawing, thick primitives, Polygon filling, line and polygon clipping algorithms, 2D and 3D Geometric Transformations, 2D and 3D Viewing Transformations (Projections- Parallel and Perspective), Vanishing points. Geometric Modeling: Representing curves Surfaces. Visible Surface determination: Hidden surface elimination. Surface rendering: Illumination and shading models. Basic color models and Computer Animation. Books Recommended: 1. J. D. Foley, A. Van Dan, Feiner, Hughes Computer Graphics Principles Practice 2nd edition Publication Addison Wesley 1990. 2. D. Hearn, Baker: Computer Graphics, Prentice Hall of India 2008. 3. D. F. Rogers Procedural Elements for Computer Graphics, McGraw Hill 1997. 4. D. F. Rogers, Adams Mathematical Elements for Computer Graphics, McGraw Hill 2nd edition 1989. CSHT 615 Information Security (60 Lectures) Introduction: Security, Attacks, Computer Criminals, Security Services, Security Mechanisms. Cryptography: Substitution ciphers, Transpositions Cipher, Confusion, diffusion, Symmetric, Asymmetric Encryption. DES Modes of DES. ,Uses of Encryption. ,Hash function,key exchange, digital signatures,Digital Certificates. Program Security: Secure programs,Non malicious Program errors, Malicious codes virus,trap doors,salami attacks, covert channels,Control against program Threats. Protection in OS: Memory and Address Protection, Access control, File Protection, User Authentication. Database Security: Requirements, Reliability, Integrity, Sensitive data, Inference, Multilevel Security. Security in Networks: Threats in Networks s Networks security Controls, detection systems, Secure e-mails firewalls, Intusion Administrating Security: Security Planning, Risk Analysis, Organisational Security Policy, Physical Security. Ethical issues in Security: Protecting Programs and data. Information and law. Recommended Books: 1. C. P. Pfleeger, S. L. Pfleeger; Security in Computing, Prentice Hall of India, 2006 2. W. Stallings ; Network Security Essentials: Applications and Standards, 4/E, 2010 CSHT 616 (i) Foundations of Software Testing Fundamentals of testing: Need for testing, process, The psychology of testing General testing principles, Fundamental test Testing throughout the software life cycle: Software development models, Test levels (Unit, Integration, System Acceptance testing), Test types (functional, non-functional, regression testing), Maintenance testing Static techniques: Static techniques and the test process, Review process (types of review, roles and responsibilities), Test design techniques: The Test Development Process, Categories of test design techniques, Specification-based or black-box techniques (Equivalence partitioning, Boundary value analysis, Decision table testing, State transition testing, Use case testing), Structure-based or white-box techniques (Statement testing and coverage, Decision testing and coverage, other structure-based techniques), Experience-based techniques, Choosing test techniques Test management: Test organization (test leader, tester), Test planning and estimation ( Test planning, Test planning activities, Exit criteria, Test estimation, Test approaches), Test progress monitoring and control (Test progress monitoring, test reporting, test control), Configuration management, Risk and testing (Project risks, Product risks), Incident management Web Application Testing Foundation: Basic test planning and testing methods for web applications, Introduction to gray-box testing and its application to testing web applications, Outline knowledge, methods and tools for testing web applications, Introduction to web testing tools and sources, Introduction to research tools on the Net. Tool support for testing: Types of test tool, Test tool classification, Tool support for management of testing and tests, static testing, test specification, test execution and logging, performance and monitoring, specific application areas, using other tools, Effective use of tools: potential benefits and risks Recommended Books: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Boris Beizer, â€Å"Software Testing Techniques†, Van Nostrand Reinhold Louise Tamres, â€Å"Software Testing†, Pearson Education Paul Jogerson, â€Å"Software Testing† CRC Press Roger R Pressman, â€Å"Software Engineering – A Practitioner’s approach† Mc Graw Hill Testing Applications on the Web, 2nd Edition by Nguyen, Michael Hackett, and Bob Johnson (Wiley, 2003 CSHT 616 (ii) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Introduction: (60 Lectures) Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Background and Applications, Turing Test and Rational Agent approaches to AI, Introduction to Intelligent Agents, their structure, be havior and environment. Problem Solving and Searching Techniques: Problem Characteristics, Production Systems, Control Strategies, Breadth First Search, Depth First Search, Hill climbing and its Variations, Heuristics Search Techniques: Best First Search, A* algorithm, Constraint Satisfaction Problem, Means-End Analysis, Introduction to Game Playing, Min-Max and Alpha-Beta pruning algorithms. Knowledge Representation: Introduction to First Order Predicate Logic, Resolution Principle, Unification, Semantic Nets, Conceptual Dependencies, Frames, and Scripts, Production Rules, Conceptual Graphs. Programming in Logic (PROLOG). Dealing with Uncertainty and Inconsistencies: Truth Maintenance System, Default Reasoning, Probabilistic Reasoning, Bayesian Probabilistic Inference, Possible World Representations. Understanding Natural Languages: Parsing Techniques, Context-Free and Transformational Grammars, Recursive and Augmented Transition Nets. BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1. 2. DAN. W. Patterson, Introduction to A. I and Expert Systems – PHI, 2007. Russell Norvig, Artificial Intelligence-A Modern Approach, LPE, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2nd edition, 2005. Rich Knight, Artificial Intelligence – Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd edition, 1991. W. F. Clocksin and Mellish, Programming in PROLOG, Narosa Publishing House, 3rd edition, 2001. 5. Ivan Bratko, Prolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence, Addison-Wesley, Pearson Education, 3rd edition, 2000. 3. 4. CSHT 616 (iii) Network Programming and Administration Transport Layer Protocols: TCP, UDP, SCTP protocol. Socket Programming: Socket Introduction; TCP Sockets; TCP Client/Server Example ; signal handling; I/O multiplexing using sockets; Socket Options; UDP Sockets; UDP client server example; Address lookup using sockets. Network Applications: Remote logging; Email; WWWW and HTTP. LAN administration: Linux and TCP/IP networking: Network Management and Debugging. Books recommended: 1. W. Richard Stevens, Bill Fenner, Andrew M. Rudoff, Unix Network Programming, The sockets Networking API, Vol. 1, 3rd Edition, PHI. 2. B. A. Forouzan: Data Communications and Networking, Fourth edition, THM Publishing Company Ltd. 3. Nemeth Synder Hein, Linux Administration Handbook, Pearson Education, 2nd Edition 4. R. Stevens, Unix Network Programming, PHI 2nd Edition CSHT 616 (iv) Data Mining Overview: Predictive and descriptive data mining techniques, supervised and unsupervised learning techniques, process of knowledge discovery in databases, pre-processing methods Data Mining Techniques: Association Rule Mining, classification and regression techniques, clustering, Scalability and data management issues in data mining algorithms, measures of interestingness Books Recommended: 1. Introduction to Data Mining, Pang-Ning Tan, Michael Steinbach, Vipin Kumar, Pearson Education. 2. Data Mining: A Tutorial Based Primer, Richard Roiger, Michael Geatz, Information; Pearson Education 2003. 3. Introduction to Data Mining with Case Studies, G. K. Gupta, PHI,2006. 4. Insight Into Data Mining: Theory And Practice, Soman K P,Diwakar Shyam, Ajay V, PHI, 2006 CSHT 616 (v) Combinatorial Optimization Introduction: Optimization problems, neighborhoods, local and global optima, convex sets and functions, simplex method, degeneracy; duality and dual algorithm, computational considerations for the simplex and dual simplex algorithms-Dantzig-Wolfe algorithms. Integer Linear Programming: Cutting plane algorithms, branch and bound technique. Graph Algorithms: Primal-Dual algorithm and its application to shortest path, Math-flow problems Dijkstra’s algorithm, Max-flow problem, matching problem, bipartite matching algorithm, non-bipartite matching algorithms. Books recommended: 1. C. H. Papadimitriou and K. Steiglitz, Combinatorial Optimization: Algorithms and complexity, Prentice-Hall of India, 2006 2. K. Lange, Optimization, Springer, 2004 3. Mokhtar S. Bazaraa, John J. Jarvis and Hanif D. Sherali, Linear Programming and Network Flows, John Wiley Sons, 2004 4. H. A. Taha, Operations Research: An Introduction (8th Edition), Prentice Hall, 2006 How to cite Unknown, Papers

The performance of organizations

Executive Summary The performance of organizations is greatly affected by a number of variables. These are customer satisfaction, forecasting, capacity planning, location, inventory management, layout of the store and scheduling. Secondary data from diverse publications vividly show that the internal and external environments, where operations of most firms revolve, are greatly affected by these variables. It is therefore important to examine how and why these variables lead to the successful performance of firms as is the aim of the current project.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The performance of organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction The aim of this project is to study how and why certain factors affect the successful performance of an organization. The factors are customer satisfaction, forecasting, capacity planning, location, inventory management, layout of the store and scheduling. T he first part deals with research methodology, the second part reveals the main project findings, the third part entails the analysis, and interpretation of the findings and the last section comprises of conclusion and recommendations. Research Methodology Data Collection Method Secondary Data The factors under study that affect the operations of various have been found to affect numerous business organizations. Due to this, terabytes of data have been collected and analyzed by several reputable scholars, credible economists, and excellent researchers on the same. Secondary data was therefore the kind of data that was found to be appropriate for this project. The selected secondary data makes use of published data that is already available in books, reports, and publications of several organizations and linked to business and industry, technical and trade journals, and, other sources of published information (Kothari, 2008, p. 111). In the process of collection of these data, cautio n was taken due to the uncertainties that may that may arise due to the circumstances that surrounded those who compiled the data or because of varying intellectual interpretations. Therefore, to ensure that sufficient caution was exercised in the entire data collection process, the published secondary data was selected based on the following features: Dependability of data To establish that the data to be used in this project was reliable, it was subjected to several tests that entailed some aspects like who carried out the data collection? From what sources was the data obtained? Were suitable methods applied in the process of data collection? When was the data collected? Was the one compiling data biased in any way? Was there a degree of accuracy that was intended? Was this degree of accuracy attained? Appropriateness of Data The data that fits a certain enquiry may not necessarily be applicable in another research. In particular, if the data at hand is inappropriate, it cannot b e applied by someone else conducting the research.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In regard to this, the researcher is supposed to cautiously put under scrutiny the definition of certain terms and tenets of compilation that were applicable in extracting the data from primary sources initially. On the same note, the object, spectrum, and environment of the initial enquiry should also be studied. Incase the researcher encounters disparities, the data will remain unfitting for the current research, and it will not therefore be incorporated in the study. Sufficiency of Data If the degree of accuracy obtained in the data is found to be inadequate for the use in the current research, they will be termed as insufficient and hence unsuitable to be used by the researcher. Another base on which data may be regarded as insufficient is when they are suitable to be applied in a study wh ose scope may be either narrower or wider than the scope of the study involved in the current research. Therefore, due to the risks involved in the use of the available data, the current research, the secondary sources used in the current research have been selected based on their suitability, reliability, and sufficiency. Therefore, the project is intended to study why and how the following factors are significant to the successful operations of an organization: Customer satisfaction Forecasting Capacity planning Location Inventory management Layout of the store Scheduling Findings Customer Satisfaction Huselid, Becker, and Beatty are three scholars who have an innovative expertise in business and economics. They concede that even though the strategic objective of a retail organization is to maximize sales, this goal cannot be attained in the absence of customer satisfaction. This customer satisfaction, they argue, is partly motivated by an improved purchasing experience (Huselid , Becker and Beatty, 2008, p. 12). Their analyses reveal that improved buying experience is influenced by customer service, and specifically, the conduct of front marketing staff, which may include being kind, enlightened about the products and customer needs and being timely. There are therefore specific jobs and labor force demeanors that influence the purchasing experience of customers. Research conducted at Price Club business organization shows that in this organization, the clients require a clean retail store with accessible advertised products. In this organization, the front line employers may not influence the purchasing experience of the customers except by ensuring adequate stocking of the shelves, coherent arrangement, and necessary changes. Their strategic importance is therefore restricted in this case.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The performance of organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alternatively, broadly put, the purchasing experience of customers in this organization is driven by the price. Thus, customer satisfaction is the key to success in any organization although the qualifications and behaviors of the employees that trigger customer satisfaction vary from one organization to another (Huselid, Becker and Beatty, 2008, p. 13). John Oakland, a business management expert echoes the fact that the goal of all work and attempts to make progress is to be committed to attending to the customers in a proper way. This requires the organization to be hitherto conversant with how effective its outputs are performing before customers through evaluation and feedback. Although the most crucial clients are the external ones, anything can change in the course of business operation. In particular, internal customers ought to be accorded quality service if the external ones should be satisfied (Oakland, 2004, p. 449). Forecasting Suntanto, a reputable scholar and lectur er in management asserts that at the start, managers are supposed to assess the future supply of workforce, both in the internal and external environment of the organization (Suntanto, 2004, p. 2). In addition, the future demand for particular numbers and kinds of employees ought to be ascertained. In particular, the analyses for supply and demand are supposed to be done differently. The chief reason for this is that supply forecasts are mainly dependent on the internal factors of the organization, which include staff turnover, retirement rates, relocations, and promotions. On the contrary, demand forecasts are dependent on external factors such as demand for goods and services. There are two main categories under which demand and supply-forecasting techniques fall. These are qualitative and quantitative forecasting techniques. Qualitative forecasting techniques are basically intelligent anticipations or estimates from people who have some previous knowledge regarding the number of employees, and, demand and supply of products. The data for the four main qualitative techniques have been tabulated below. It briefly highlights the technique and its explanation. Qualitative Technique Explanation . Nominal assembly At least four individuals are accorded an opportunity to air their opinions about forecasts in work force. After all members have submitted their views, the team then discusses the opinions aired and eventually agrees on the ultimate judgment based on a ballot. Delphi Method A facilitator gathers written views from expert regarding forecasts in labor. After collecting all views, a synopsis is made and given to the experts. The experts do not interact face-to-face but the facilitator coordinates them. Replacement arrangement Charting methods are used to come up with forecasting estimates. They recognize current labor states and their significant details. Allocation arrangement The movement of workers through the organizational structure is used to deduce judgments on labor supply or demand Quantitative forecasting techniques are certain quantitative elements that are used in the forecasting of demand supply and work force. Data on the methods and their explanations is shown in the table below (Suntanto, 2004, p. 3).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Technique Explanation Regression model Changes in work force levels are forecasted using relevant factors like sales. Time-series model Changes in work force levels are projected by isolating tendencies, recurrent, recurring and irregular effects Economic model Changes in work force levels are forecasted using a particular kind of the production function. Linear programming model Structural and environmental restraints are used to project labor levels. Markov model Fluctuations in workforce levels are forecasted using past change rates. Forecasting the supply, demand, and labor enables an organization to get the proper staff for its positions at the correct time. This enables the organization to have a suitable competitive edge in the world market, which enhances success in its operations (Suntanto, 2004, p. 7). Capacity Planning Capacity planning is the process of ascertaining both the long-term and short-term capacity requirements of an organiza tion and then establishing a way of satisfying these requirements (Panneerselvam, 2006, p. 46). Long-term Capacity Approaches An organization’s management may employ the following approaches in an attempt to deal with key changes in its commodities that should be provided to the clients, which will eventually have a great effect on the capacity. The main adjustments will then alter the demand and resource needs. The approaches include: Devising new product lines Enlarging current facilities Putting up or eliminating production plants. Outdatedness in technology may cause some organizations to plan for a new model even if the current one is operating well. This applies mainly in the electronic industry where there ought to be ongoing research and development to better the operational aspects of the product via the latest technology. This will enable the organization to bring to the market products that are of high quality that will improve the demand, sales, and profitabilit y. Moreover, the demand for some products fades with time. This causes the company to either eliminate such products or introduce new ones that will suit the customer needs (Panneerselvam, 2006, p. 47). Short-term Capacity Approaches In short-term capacity planning, decisions are made based on the changes in demand based on recurring and fiscal factors. The aim of short term capacity planning is to attend to changes in demand that may arise in the course of short term planning prospect. Examples of short-term approaches are hiring, firing and overtime (Panneerselvam, 2006, p. 47). Location Abrams and Kleiner present their views with regard to how and why location is crucial to the successful operation of an organization. They argue that a retail business is supposed to be situated close to customers who will in turn raise the organization’s sales volume. Secondly, both manufacturing and distribution organizations are supposed to be near a good transport network and should be located close to suppliers. This will enable such firms to carry out the manufacture and transportation of their products in not only a timely manner, but also in a cost-effective way. In the end, saving on time and costs will enable the firms to succeed in their transactions (Abrams and Kleiner, 2003, p. 157). Inventory Management Whereas inventory may be said to a list of products contained in the stock of an organization, inventory management refers to specifying the quantity and placement of stocked products. It is designed within an organization or at different locations of a supply chain to prevent the planned production process against insufficiency of materials or goods. In health care organizations, cost effectiveness is very imperative tool in performance. Healthcare managers resort to several types of inventory management. These include conventional inventory management, Just-in-time, single or multiple vendor associations, just to name a few. A system that works well for one health organization may not be applicable to another organization. Being acquainted with most of the systems makes it possible to identify the one that can suit the needs of an organization. Cost effectiveness of an inventory function is not dependent on the kind of system that the organization adapts. It is rather dependent on the some rudimentary changes. Examples of such changes are the computerization of product functions, interconnection of both clinical and fiscal systems, bottom line size, and the devolution of the inventory management role (Ozcan, 2009, p. 268). The era of microcomputers has facilitated opportunities changing routine duties to enhance efficiency and performance. For instance, tasks from users in various institutions can be easily transferred through the computer before being directed to vendors who are ready to offer online approval. In addition, these continuous routine tasks create databases of use, price, and other details that are important to the o rganization’s future planning (Ozcan, 2009, p. 268). Layout of the store Study from Lewis and Slack (reputable operation managers) reveal that service based environments play a significant role because they ensure that particular customer needs are met following fulfillment of certain tasks by the staff. Store layout and functionality of the physical surrounding are very essential. Store layout refers to the way equipment, furniture, machinery has been positioned, the capacity they occupy, and how they compare in the space they occupy. Functionality on the other hand means the capacity of these items to enhance both performance and the attainment of the organization’s goals. A lot of experimental research in organizational psychology has revealed impacts of store layout and functionality aspects, always from the standpoint of the staff workers. However, little has been researched on the effect of store layout and functionality on clients within commercial service surro undings (Lewis and Slack, 2003, p. 517). What ought to be noted here is that store layout and functionality dimension is exceptionally important to clients in environments that require them to conduct self-service where they are required to carry out majority of the duties without necessarily seeking assistance from employees who work there. In the same vein, if the functions to be performed by the clients are more intricate, efficacy of layout and functionality will be paramount compared to if the tasks were less complicated and ordinary (Lewis and Slack, 2003, p. 517). Thus, based on the nature of the tasks and the setting, it is important to assess the layout and functionality of the organization to ensure that there is better customer service and hence successful business operation Scheduling According to Ozcan, scheduling is part of the duties of workload management. It aims at establishing the time that each employee is supposed to be present or away from duty apart from revea ling on which shifts the employees work. Staffing, scheduling, and reallocation are the three duties of workload management go a long way to affect performance and performance related factors such as work fulfillment levels, and how the organization will utilize its employees (Ozcan, 2009, p. 162-163). In healthcare settings, the types of scheduling employed are cyclical and flexible scheduling. The former is where work schedule can be regarded as permanent or discretionary. Under this kind of schedule, workers do not alternate shifts (Ozcan, 2009, p. 191). Flexible scheduling is where without changing the number of weekly working time, employees are given the freedom to choose the time they should begin their workday. Analysis and Interpretation Data from several credible and reputable scholars reveal that all the seven variables that is customer satisfaction, forecasting, capacity planning, location, inventory management, layout of the store and scheduling are all vital in the suc cessful operations of a business organization. First, customer satisfaction is determined by both the behavior of front marketing staff and the price of the products. This is mainly common in retail organizations. How front marketing staffs behave influences the buying experience of customers. A good buying experience increases sales volume and in turn boosts the organization’s profitability. Second, with regard to forecasting, an organization is supposed to anticipate the future of its demand and supply of labor force. This is meant to ensure that there are no unnecessary deficiencies. Both qualitative and quantitative mechanisms are used and doing this enables the organization to employ the right staff who will in turn render quality services to it, making it competitive and able to meet the demands of the dynamic world. Third, capacity planning affects manufacturing companies and it involves coming up with either short term or long-term mechanisms that may affect both clie nts and the company’s capacity. Any adopted strategy is meant to boost the operation of the company. Fourth, the location of an organization should be closer to the customers and near raw materials and suppliers. This enhances cost effectiveness and maximizes gains. Fifth, inventory management aims at ensuring that the organization’s stock is up to date thus eliminating chances of deficits, which may curtail its performance. Sixth, the store layout has a functional and spatial dimension. The former enhances both the performance and attainment of the firm’s objectives while the latter necessitates proper customer service that is vital to the success of the business. Finally, scheduling is a program that works at establishing when an employee is on or off duty. It determines both job performance and job satisfaction among employees. Conclusions and Recommendations Several reputable scholars have conducted research and presented credible findings regarding how succ essful business operations emanate from the seven variables (customer satisfaction, location, schedule, inventory management, capacity planning, store lay out, and forecasting). The findings from the selected credible secondary sources show a direct relationship between how these factors affect both internal and external aspects of the organization. Labor, customer relations, manufacturing process, time, and profitability are a firm’s operational variables that have been seen to be affected by the seven factors. On the other hand, it is recommended that first, more research should be done to show how scheduling affects the success in operations of other types of organizations apart from the health organization. Secondly, more research ought to be done to reveal how customers in commercial surroundings are affected by store layout. References Abrams, R. and Kleiner, E. (2003). The successful Business Plan: Strategies and Secrets. Ontario: The Planning Shop. Huselid, A., Becker , B., and Beatty, R. (2008). The Workforce Scorecard: Managing Human Capital to Execute Strategy. MA: Harvard Business Press. Lewis, M. and Slack, N. (2003). Operations Management: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management. NY: Routledge. Oakland, J. S. (2004). Quality Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Ozcan, Y.A. (2009). Quantitative Methods in Health care Management: Techniques and Applications. San Francisco: John Wiley Sons Inc. Panneerselvam, R. (2005). Production and Operations Management. New Delhi: Prentice Hall. Suntanto, E. M. (2004). Forecasting the Key to Successful Human Resource Management. Web. This essay on The performance of organizations was written and submitted by user Jared Woodward to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Men Are From Mars Wome Are From Venus

Men and women are different, that is understood. Please, just stop writing about it. There’s so many books, and articles for men to understand women and vice versa. Honestly, I believe they are all a waste of trees. We will never fully understand how the other sex thinks, because not everyone thinks like these books say they do. They are stereotypes that we have made of each other. Deborah Tannen wrote an article â€Å"Put down that paper and talk to me!† Rapport-talk and Report-talk. I understand many women talk to talk. I also know many women who hate to talk. She has a valid theory and I did enjoy the way she presented what she knew. She is a one and though she can’t help it she is bias. She was never a man and could never fully understand what the â€Å"average† man is thinking. Tannen was correct in some of her examples where she discussed the man at breakfast reading the paper and his wife disappointed that he isn’t talking to her. Women do feel this (though I must say I hate talking while I eat) quite often. I don’t feel the same way that other women feel when they are not taking, but I understand how they feel. I’d rather just talk to convey information but sometimes my boyfriend gets me in to a debate with him. He is the one who talks to talk. He can never sit in silence unless he’s working on his homework. Maybe we just have an odd relationship. John Gray the author of, Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus, is full of crap. I don’t care for his over exaggerated nonsense. My boyfriend also swears by this book and has been trying to get me to read it since he bought it. After reading this overstated repetitious waste of ink and the rainforest, I would rather pour bleach in my eyes and run around screaming in pain. Everything he says is just so far fetched. This man has issued. I’m not such if his parents ignored him or his wife is over abusive, but I think him and DR. Phil or DR. Rut... Free Essays on Men Are From Mars Wome Are From Venus Free Essays on Men Are From Mars Wome Are From Venus Men and women are different, that is understood. Please, just stop writing about it. There’s so many books, and articles for men to understand women and vice versa. Honestly, I believe they are all a waste of trees. We will never fully understand how the other sex thinks, because not everyone thinks like these books say they do. They are stereotypes that we have made of each other. Deborah Tannen wrote an article â€Å"Put down that paper and talk to me!† Rapport-talk and Report-talk. I understand many women talk to talk. I also know many women who hate to talk. She has a valid theory and I did enjoy the way she presented what she knew. She is a one and though she can’t help it she is bias. She was never a man and could never fully understand what the â€Å"average† man is thinking. Tannen was correct in some of her examples where she discussed the man at breakfast reading the paper and his wife disappointed that he isn’t talking to her. Women do feel this (though I must say I hate talking while I eat) quite often. I don’t feel the same way that other women feel when they are not taking, but I understand how they feel. I’d rather just talk to convey information but sometimes my boyfriend gets me in to a debate with him. He is the one who talks to talk. He can never sit in silence unless he’s working on his homework. Maybe we just have an odd relationship. John Gray the author of, Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus, is full of crap. I don’t care for his over exaggerated nonsense. My boyfriend also swears by this book and has been trying to get me to read it since he bought it. After reading this overstated repetitious waste of ink and the rainforest, I would rather pour bleach in my eyes and run around screaming in pain. Everything he says is just so far fetched. This man has issued. I’m not such if his parents ignored him or his wife is over abusive, but I think him and DR. Phil or DR. Rut...

The Best Jobs for Recent College Graduates

The Best Jobs for Recent College Graduates it’s rough entering  the job market after college these days, and a rough market regardless. candidates with experience are almost universally privileged in the hiring process. it can take a while to find your opening and grab it. that said, recent grads have the advantage of being (usually) single and flexible. you might consider moving across the country for a job, where someone more entrenched would not. if you’re that flexible, consider the states on this list, by field, where recent grads and gen y-ers will have the best luck getting a great gig.industry: airlinepossible jobs: engineering (aerospace, flight, electrical, mechanical design, etc.), pilot, customer service rep, officer, flight attendant, pricing analystbest place to be: minnesota. younger workers in their  20s  make up a much larger percentage of the work force there, and the median annual salary for employees of this age group wasn’t any lower.industry: ambulatory health carepossible jobs : physical therapy, personal training, dental hygienist, case manager, office manager, pa.best place to be: connecticut, with median salaries for employees under 30 at 21% above the national average.industry: bankingpossible jobs: teller, assistant branch manager, analyst, customer service rep, loan officerbest place to be: utahindustry: beverage and tobacco marketingpossible jobs: account manager, sales manager/rep, event coordinator, financial analyst, designer, marketing managerbest place to be: new york. try first at pepsico and phillip morris.industry: broadcasting (tv/radio)possible jobs: account executive, advertising film/video editor, graphic artist/designer, reporter, producer-director, radio show host, etc.best place to be: new york. try: viacom, cbs, nbc, abc, fox, turner broadcasting, or mtv.industry: clothing and accessoriespossible jobs: assistant buyer, designer, assistant designer, retail department manager, graphic artist/designer, retail salesbest place to be: new yorkindustry: computer and electronic manufacturingpossible jobs: electrical or mechanical engineer, film/video editor, graphic artist/designer, software developer/programmerbest place to be: virginia. try qimonda, micron technology, and genesic.industry: constructionpossible jobs: manager, commercial estimator, marketing coordinator, project engineer, staff accountantbest place to be: washington,  d.c.industry: educationpossible jobs: admissions counselor, elementary school teacher, financial aid counselor, high school teacher, non-profit program coordinator, special education teacher, teacher’s assistantbest place to be: washington,  d.c.industry: electrical, appliance, and component equipment manufacturingpossible jobs: account manager, sales, customer service rep, electrical or mechanical or manufacturing engineer, inside sales rep, operations manager, outside sales rep, sales engineerbest place to be: new jersey. try tyco, cn burman, sea gull, and griffith electric supply.industry: executive, legislative, and other general government supportpossible jobs: accountant, administrative assistant, auditor, cpa, financial or intelligence analyst, senior tax accountant, software engineer, developer/programmer, staff accountant, data entry specialistbest place to be: washington,  d.c.industry: servicepossible jobs: barista, cashier, supervisor, restaurant manager, marketing, grocery staff accountantbest place to be: new york. the higher-end the place, the better your paycheck.industry: funds, trusts, etc.possible jobs: benefits or business or research analyst, financial/securities/investment analyst, fund accountant, pension administration, staff accountantbest place to be: massachusetts. surprising though it may be. try watson wyatt worldwide, putnam investments, fidelity investments, and harvard management first.industry: heavy and civil engineering constructionpossible jobs: accountant, administrative assistant, civil engineer, financial analyst, mechanical engineer, petroleum engineer, project engineer, staff accountantbest place to be: utah. try questar!industry: hospitalspossible jobs: rn, medical/clinical laboratory tech, occupational therapist, physical therapist, pabest place to be: nevadaindustry: hotelspossible jobs: assistant general manager, front desk clerk, guest services manager, night auditor, sales manager, shift managerbest place to be: washington,  d.c.industry: internet service providers, web search, and data processingpossible jobs: graphic artist/designer, marketing coordinator, it project manager, web developer, software engineer, web designer developerbest place to be: maryland. try bay broadband communications and comcast.industry: legal services, accounting, and scientific researchpossible jobs: paralegal/legal assistant, certified public accountant (cpa), civil engineer, graphic artist/designer, information technology (it) consultant, interior designer, staff accountantbest place to be: washingto n,  d.c. try booz allen hamilton, corporate executive board, ibm, bearingpoint, accenture, and sra internationalindustry: miscellaneous manufacturingpossible jobs: biomedical or manufacturing or medical device quality engineer, biotech research associatebest place to be: nevada. try international game technology and aristocrat technologies.industry: museums, historic sites, etc.possible jobs: art gallery curator, graphic artist/designer, program coordinator, recreation coordinator, special events coordinator, zookeeperbest place to be: new yorkindustry: national security and international affairspossible jobs: aerospace engineer, contract administrator, electrical engineer, financial or intelligence analyst, mechanical or software engineerbest place to be: massachusetts. try raytheon in waltham and general dynamics in quincy.industry: oil and gas extractionpossible jobs: accountant, chemical engineer, financial analyst, mechanical engineer, oil gas landman, petroleum engineer, an d geologistbest place to be: utah. try questar and chevron. or louisiana as an alternative.industry: online publishingpossible jobs: copy editor, graphic artist/designer, news reporter, software engineer/developer/programmer, web designerbest place to be: new york. try nytimes.com, yahoo!, aol, and fox interactive.industry: performing arts, spectator sports, etc.possible jobs: copy editor, event coordinator, executive assistant, film/video editor, graphic artist/designer, marketing coordinator, producer-director, tv/cable broadcast, special events managerbest place to be: new yorkindustry: pharmaceutical/chemical manufacturingpossible jobs: chemical or mechanical engineer, biotech research associate, research scientist, pharmaceutical sales representativebest place to be: maryland. try otsuka maryland medicinal laboratories, bowles fluidics, and millennium inorganic chemicals.industry: print publishingpossible jobs: assistant editor, copy editor, editorial assistant, graphic artist/ designer, managing editor, marketing coordinator, newspaper reporter, software engineerbest place to be: washingtonindustry: securities, commodity contracts, financial investmentspossible jobs: associate in investment banking, banking analyst, financial/securities/investments analyst, financial adviser, fund accountantbest place to be: new yorkindustry: social workpossible jobs: case manager, child care/day care worker, child, family, or school social worker, director, child care, nanny or au pair preschool teacher, (not special education) program coordinator, nonprofit organization social workerbest place to be: washington,  d.c.industry: sporting goods, hobby, book, and music storespossible jobs: customer service rep, store department manager, graphic artist/designer, inside sales representative, marketing coordinator, retail sales associate/assistant manager/manager, and wholesale and retail buyerbest place to be: new jersey. try toys ‘r’ us, sports authority, hein o’s sky cycle, barnes noble.industry: transportation equipment manufacturingpossible jobs: aerospace engineer, electrical engineer, financial analyst, industrial engineer, manufacturing engineer, manufacturing process engineer, mechanical design engineer, mechanical engineer, product development engineer, automotive senior mechanical engineerbest place to be: maryland. try alcore.